HIGHER FUNCTIONS 185 



opportunity to do so. Among the Lemurs, Charles Hose 

 has noted how Tarsius carries its baby in the way common 

 among cats, by picking it up with the teeth. It evidently 

 does not nurse its offspring. 



The young of Nycticebus tardigradus clings tight to the 

 mother, and the mother makes but little effort to handle 

 its young. It will bite savagely if an attempt is made 

 to remove the baby from its fur, but, as a rule, it resents 

 any other interference in exactly the same manner. On 

 one occasion a female Nycticebus escaped from its cage 

 at night, and left its baby, which was still suckling, to 

 its fate. The baby, which was reared on the bottle, 

 used its voice freely each evening, but the mother, though 

 living in some trees quite close to its cage, never returned 

 to it. The voice of the mother was heard on rare occa- 

 sions, but five years passed before her actual home was 

 discovered; even then she was still within a few paces 

 of the spot in which she started her freedom, and in the 

 meanwhile the young one had died. 



I do not know of any recorded observations which show 

 that in the Lemurs the maternal instinct is very much 

 developed beyond its display in carrying the helpless 

 baby clinging to the mother's fur. With Monkeys, 

 however, the care for the young is very real, and several 

 observations have been recorded upon this point. Both 

 in their natural state, and in captivity, Monkeys show 

 the greatest concern in the well-being of their offspring. 

 ThaiTthey will defend them from attack is nothing, for 

 such a display of maternal instinct is the common property 

 of most living creatures, but Monkeys go further than 

 this in the development of those numerous tendernesses 

 for their young which in all accounts are, and can only 

 be, likened to human parallels. 



With the Anthropoids, so far as opportunities for study 

 in their natural state have permitted, there is every 

 evidence that maternal and paternal care is carried still 

 further. Many observers have noted the human manner 



