CHAPTER XXVII 



HIGHER DEVELOPMENTS OF CEREBRAL FUNCTIONS: 

 POSSIBLE ANATOMICAL BASIS 



WHEN we come to make any attempt to attach a precise 

 location to the neopallial representation of such higher cere- 

 bral developments as " intelligence " and " higher ideals of 

 conduct," we are at once met with an overwhelming 

 difficulty, a difficulty almost as great as that which con- 

 fronted the mediaeval anatomists who sought a structural 

 habitat for the " soul." The difficulties are so great, and 

 imagination must play so large a part in attempting to 

 overcome them, that very considerable latitude must be 

 permitted in their treatment. It is, however, possible, 

 and permissible, to make guesses, provided the guesses 

 are carefully deprived of any pretence to be a part of, or 

 take equal rank with, knowledge derived from ascertain- 

 able facts. It is for this reason that a discussion of an 

 anatomical basis of " intelligence " and " higher ideals of 

 conduct " is isolated from the study of those other things 

 which an anatomist can, and must, investigate with 

 scalpel and forceps. In the first place, I conceive that 

 " intelligence," " reason," " intellect," the " mind," or 

 any other word which has a like connotation, denotes a 

 thing somewhat different from " higher ideals of conduct." 

 It is not the most intellectual person who necessarily 

 has the highest ideals of conduct. I have regarded 

 intelligence as an expression for the summation of the 

 cerebral possibilities of an animal. The channels by 

 which education can come to the cortex, the development 

 of the cortical areas and their correlation and association, 

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