474 



Malaria 



faction of the knowledge of the parasite was reached in 1911, when 

 C. C. Bass* devised a method of cultivating the parasite in its 

 asexual stage, in vitro. 



Thus from its time-honored place as the typical miasmatic disease, 

 full of mystery and obscurity, malarial fever suddenly had a flood 

 of light thrown upon it by which every peculiarity was fully 

 illuminated. 



In summarizing the knowledge thus set forth we find the following 

 facts: 



1880 Discovery of the Plasmodium malariae by Laveran. 



1890 Discovery of its human developmental cycle by Golgi. 



1895 Discovery of the mosquito cycle and mode of transmission 

 by Ross. 



1898 Discovery of the sexual fertilization of the parasite by 

 MacCallum. 



1911 Discovery of the method of cultivating the parasites in 

 vitro by C. C. Bass. 



The interest aroused by Laveran's original discovery gave a great 

 impetus to the study of hematology with special reference to para- 

 sites, and it soon became evident that the plasmodium was but one 

 of a group of similar parasites. Of these we have now become ac- 

 quainted with the following: 



Parasite 



Plasmodium 

 malarias. 



Plasmodium 

 vivax. 



Plasmodium 

 falciparum. 



Plasmodium 



kochi. 

 Plasmodium 



inui. 

 Plasmodium 



pitheci. 



Plasmodium 

 brazilianum. 



Plasmodium 

 cynomolgi. 



Plasmodium 

 grassii (Pro- 

 teosoma grassi). 



Plasmodium 

 danliewskyi 

 (Halteridium 

 danliewskyi). 



Disease 

 Quartan fever. 



Tertian fever. 



Aestivo-autumnal 

 fever. 



Host 

 Man. 



Man. 



Man. 



Cercopithicus. 



Insect host 

 Anopheles, My- 

 zorrhy nchus, 

 Mvzomyia, Cel- 

 lia" 



Anopheles, My- 



zorrh ynchus, 



Myzomyia, 



Cellia. 



Anopheles, My- 



zorrhynchus, 

 Myzomyia, 



Cellia. 

 Unknown. 



Macacus (Inuus Unknown. 



cynomolgus). 

 Orang - outang Unknown. 



(Pithecus sa- 



tyrus). 

 Brachyrus calores. Unknown. 



Inuus cynomolgus 



and Inuus nem- 



istrinus. 

 Sparrows, canary 



birds, and other 



small birds. 

 Owls, hawks, 



crows, and 



other large 



birds. 



Unknown. 



Culex pipens. 



Unknown. 



Journal of the American Medical Association," 1911, XLVII, 1534. 



