PATHOGENIC BACTERIA. 3OI 



formation of inflammatory, tumor-like nodules, hence the 

 name " lump-jaw " given to the disease in cattle. Necrosis 

 of the tissue takes place with the formation of an abscess. 

 The pus is peculiar in containing small whitish particles 

 which consist of little colonies of the ray-fungus, and which 

 readily permit the disease to be diagnosed by the micro- 

 scope. The material may be examined in the perfectly 

 fresh condition without any staining. The jaw or its neigh- 

 borhood is very frequently affected, or the disease may be 

 present in other situations about the head and neck, and 

 may involve the lungs, the intestines, and the vertebrae, ribs, 

 and other bones. The disease is usually localized, but a 

 number of areas may be affected simultaneously. 



Besides the common actinomyces, there are numerous other ray-fungi, 

 more or less closely related, and whose pathogenic properties are not 

 fully determined. Generally speaking they appear to be saprophytes 

 naturally, which occasionally become parasitic and pathogenic under 

 especially favorable conditions. A number of species have been found 

 in air, dust, etc., some of them chromogenic. Wolff and Israel described 

 an anaerobic species, pathogenic to man and animals. Madura disease, 

 Madura foot, or mycetoma is a disease occurring in India (rarely else- 

 where), affecting one of the extremities, characterized by swellings, 

 nodular deposits and abscesses. Some cases are certainly due to a mem- 

 ber of the actinomyces group. 1 



Other branching organisms, some of them acid-proof, have been de- 

 scribed chiefly under the name of streptothrix. In man they have been 

 found in a variety of suppurative and necrotic lesions, in particular, 

 broncho-pneumonias. 2 



Bacillus iyphosus (Bacillus of Eberth). A bacillus 

 with rounded ends, varying in length, sometimes making 

 very short, oval forms, sometimes growing out into long 

 threads. It is very actively motile, and possesses numerous 



1 Compare Wright, Journal Experimental Medicine, Vol. III., p. 421. 



2 Norris and Larkin, Journal Experimental Medicine, Vol. V., p. 155; 

 Musser, Philadelphia Medical Journal, September 7, 1901; Flexner, 

 Journal Experimental Medicine, Vol. III.; MacCallum, Centralblatt f. 

 Bakteriologie, Orig. Bd. XXXI., 1902. 



