326 MANUAL OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



the low power. The colonies differ noticeably from the 

 colonies of the cholera spirillum, in the more rapid lique- 

 faction of gelatin. Milk containing litmus becomes acid, 

 is subsequently decolorized, and is also coagulated. It 

 liquefies blood-serum. It does not form indol in Dunham's 

 peptone solution. No pellicle forms in cultures upon bouil- 

 lon. It is less toxic to animals than the spirillum of cholera. 

 It was isolated originally from old cheese. 



Vibrio Berolinensis. A comma-shaped organism resem- 

 bling the spirillum of cholera in form and in the position 

 of its flagellum. It does not stain by Gram's method. It 

 grows at the room temperature, but more rapidly in the 

 incubator. The colonies upon gelatin, one or two days old, 

 when magnified, are decidedly more finely granular and 

 more transparent than those of the spirillum of cholera, and 

 the margin is almost absolutely smooth and circular. As 

 the colonies become older they assume a more irregular 

 and lobulated appearance, but are still more finely granular 

 than the colonies of the cholera spirillum. Gelatin is very 

 slowly liquefied. Its growth on the other culture-media is 

 not remarkable. It forms indol in peptone solution, and it 

 increases in the upper layers of the fluid. When guinea- 

 pigs are inoculated in the peritoneal cavity, death occurs in 

 one to two days. This organism was discovered in the 

 water-supply of Berlin. 



Other spirilla have been isolated from water by Gunther 

 (vibrio aquatilis in Spree water) ; by Dunbar from the Elbe 

 River; by Russell from the Gulf of Naples; by Heider 

 from the water of the Danube Canal ; and in America, by 

 Abbott, from the water of the Schuylkill (vibrio Schuyl- 

 kiliensis) ; and many others have been described to which 

 the limits of this work will not permit of further allusion. 



The Spirillum or Spirochaeta Obermeieri (of relapsing 

 fever). A slim spirillum with numerous turns, 16 to 40 /* 



