118 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



1059. EILEY, C. V. Continued. 



THE PERIODICAL CICADA, TiMcen septendecim 18 



Its singular life history, 18 Seventeen and thirteen year races, 

 19 The two races not distinct species, 19 Two distinct forms 

 occurring in both hroods, 20 Season of their appearance and 

 disappearance, 22 Natural history and transformations, 22 

 Elevated chambers of the pupa, 22 The larvae frequently occur- 

 ring at great depth in the ground, 24 The operation of emerging 

 from the pupa, 24 Only the males are capable of singing, 24 

 Trees in which the females deposit their eggs, 24 Mode of ovi- 

 position, 24 The newly hatched larva, 25 The W on the wings 

 of the Cicada, 25 Enemies, 26 Fungus infesting the imago, 

 26 The sting of the Cicada, 26 Wide-spread fear of the insect 

 on account of its supposed stinging powers, 26 Explanations of 

 the sting, 27 Injury caused by the insect, 29 by the larva, 29 

 by the imago, 29 Fruitless attempts to stop the injury, 30 Chro- 

 nological table of all well-ascertained broods in the United States, 

 30 The insect will appear during the next 17 years somewhere 

 in the United States every year except in 1873, 41 Number of 

 broods that will appear in the next 17 years in the different 

 States, 42. 



APPLE-TREE BORERS 42 



The round-headed apple-tree borer, Saperda Candida 42 



It is more numerous in trees on high land than on low ground, 

 42 Extent of its injury, 43 Its larva, 43 Appearance of the 

 imago, 43 The hole made by the young larva, 44 It remains 

 nearly three years in the larva state, 44 Its pupa state, 44 

 Remedies, 45 Alkaline washes, 45 Killing the larva by hot 

 water, 45 Cutting out the larva, 46. 



The flat-headed apple-tree borer, Chmsobothris femorata 46 



Differences between it and the foregoing species, 46 Habits of the 

 beetle, 47 Amount of injury caused by it, 47 Parasite attacking 

 it, 47^-Remedies, 47. 



THE PEACH BORER, Sannina exitiosa 47 



Its nature, 47 Differences in the sexes, 48 Remedies, 48 The 

 mounding system the best remedy, 48 Testimony as to the 

 value of the mounding system, 48 Other remedies. 49. 



THE PLUM CURCULIO, Conotrachelus nenuphar 50 



Difference of opinion among authors on some points in its natural 

 history, 50 Reasons for this difference of opinion, 51 Facts in 

 its natural history, 52 It causes the spread of the peach-rot, 52 

 Frnit trees attacked and those not attacked by it, 53 It may 

 hibernate as larva or pupa, but does generally as imago, 53 

 Mode of egg-laying, 54 It has one annual brood, 55 Walslrs 

 experiments to show that it is two-brooded, 55 Natural reme- 

 dies, 56 No parasites known to infest it, 56 Enemies, 57; The 

 Pennsylvania soldier-beetle and its larva, 57; Lacewing-larva, 

 57; The subangular ground-beetle, 58; Ground-beetle larva, 

 probably of the Pennsylvania ground-beetle, 59 Hogs as Cur- 

 culio destroyers, 59j Artificial remedies, 60 Jarring the trees 

 the most effectual method, 60 Dr. Hull's Curculio catcher, 60 

 Lessons for the fruit-grower from the account of the Curculio, 62. 



