BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 161 



1311. RILEY, C. V. Continued. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE-VINE 53 



The red-shouldered Sinoxylon, Sinoxylon basilare 53 



Characteristics of the insect as imago, larva, and pupa, 54 Dam- 

 age done by it to grape-vines, fruit trees, and hickory, 54 De- 

 scription of the larva and pupa, 54. 

 GRAPE DISEASE 55 



The grape-leaf gall-louse, Phylloxera vastatrix 55 



Its scientific name, 55 The law of priority, 55 European grape- 

 vines valueless in the eastern United States, 55 Deterioration 

 of some of our native vines, 56 Climatic reasons for the failure 

 of European vines, 56 The principal cause of this failure is the 

 Phylloxera, 56 further proof of the identity of the American 

 with the European insect, 57 Reasons for the identity of the 

 gall-louse with the root- louse, 57 Further facts respecting 

 the habits of the root-louse, 58 Underground forms, 58 The 

 young lice and their habits, 59 Hibernation, 59 The pupa, 59 

 The winged female, 59 Susceptibility of different vines to the 

 attacks of the louse, 60 Classification of the North American 

 grape-vines according to their practical importance, 60 Synopsis 

 of the true grape-vines of the United States, by Dr. George En- 

 gelmann, 60 Difficulty of separating the cultivated varieties of 

 grape-vine, 61 Importance of a proper classification of culti- 

 vated grape-vines, 62 Importation into Europe of resisting 

 American vines, 62 Enumeration of the cultivated varieties and 

 their susceptibility to the disease, 63 No variety is entirely ex- 

 empt from the attacks of the root-louse, 64 American vines 

 which resisted the root-louse in Europe, 64 Means of contagion 

 from one vine to another, 64 The spread of the root-lice from 

 one vine to another, 64 Transportation of the louse upon the 

 roots of seedlings and cuttings, 64 Spread of the disease in 

 France, 64 The winged female of the root-louse and her func- 

 tion, 65 The vernal leaf-gall, 65 Preference of the winged 

 Phylloxera for the Clinton grape and its allies, 65 Power of 

 flight of Phylloxera carycrfolice, 66 Deposition of the eggs upon 

 the leaf, 66 Probable reasons why the injuries of the Phylloxera 

 are greater in Europe than in America, 66 Outward and more 

 visible effects of the root-disease, 67 Practical suggestions, 67 

 No need to destroy the Clinton vines, 67 Influence of soil on 

 the intensity of the disease, 67 Remedies, 68 Destruction of 

 the gall-lice, 68 Destruction of the root-lice, 68 Results of ex- 

 periments in France with various substances, 68 Irrigation and 

 submersion, 69 Re'sunie' of the insect's history, 69 No need of 

 unnecessary alarm, 70. 



BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 



SILKWORMS 72 



Introductory 72 



The Mdrus multicaulis fever and its reaction, 72 Increasing atten- 

 tion lately given to silk-culture in America, 72 North America 

 well adapted to the raising of silk, 73 General outlines of the 

 natural history of the eight species of silkworms treated of in 

 this report, 74. 

 11 ENT 



