BIBLIOGKAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 175 



1363. EILEY, C. V. Continued. 



INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE GRAPE-VINE 30 



The grape Phylloxera, Phylloxera vastatrix 30 



The term "Phylloxera," 30 Bibliographical history, 30 Charac- 

 ters of the genus and its position in the system, 33 Biological 

 history, 33 Different forms which the insect assumes, 33 The 

 gall-inhabiting form, 34 The root-inhabiting form, 38 Balbi- 

 ani's discovery of the true sexual individuals and the winter egg 

 of Phylloxera quercus, 41 The winter egg not essential to the 

 winter life of the grape Phylloxera, 42 Polymorphism in Phyl- 

 loxera, 43 Conclusive proof of the identity of the root- and gall- 

 lice, 44 Practical considerations, 44 The more manifest and ex- 

 ternal effects of the disease, 44 Mode of spreading, 45 Swarm- 

 ing of winged specimens of Phylloxera caryafolice, 45 Power of 

 flight in the grape Phylloxera, 45 Spread of the disease through 

 the winged females, 46 Susceptibility of different vines to the 

 disease, 46 Practical importance of knowing the more resisting 

 and more susceptible vines, 46 List of the cultivated species 

 and varieties of vines indicating their relative susceptibility to 

 Phylloxera, 47 Prophylactic means of coping with the disease, 

 48 Grafting the more susceptible on to the roots of resisting 

 vines, 48 Other preventive measures, 50 Natural enemies, 50 

 Insect enemies of the gall-louse, 50 Enemies of the root-louse, 

 52 The Phylloxera mite, 52 Different forms assumed by mites 

 in their development, 52 Boplophora arctata, 53 Peculiarities 

 of the Oribatidw, 54 Direct remedies, 55 Submersion a perfect 

 remedy, 55 Application of pure insecticides without satislactory 

 results, 56 Range of the insect in America, 57 Injury caused by 

 it in America, 58 Reasons why the insect is more injurious in 

 Europe, 59 False theories, 60 The Phylloxera is the cause and 

 not the effect of the disease, 60 It is a native American insect 

 and has been imported into Europe, 62 It is peculiar to the 

 grape-vine, 63 The American oak Phylloxera and its natural 

 history, 64 Conclusion, 65. 



Appendix and notes to the article on grape Phylloxera 66 



^Diagnosis of Phylloxera vastatrix, 66 Influence of the insect's 

 puncture, 67 The supposed male of the gall-louse, 67 The non- 

 cultivation of the Clinton grape, 67 Transient nature of the 

 leaf-galls, 68 Constancy of the differences between the forms 

 assumed by the insect, 68 Supposed sexual individuals, 68 

 Number of generations annually produced, 69 Number of molts, 

 69 Transplanting root-lice on to the leaves, 69 Nature of the 

 swelling on the roots produced by Phylloxera, 70 The tine 

 grape-vines of the United States, by Dr. G. Engelmann, 70 

 Exceptional instances where the European vine has succeeded 

 in America, 76 Grafting the more susceptible on to the roots of 

 the resisting varieties, 78 Descriptions of Tyroglyphus phylloxera; 

 aud Hoplophora arctata, 81 Efficacy of inundating the vineyards, 

 82 Facts ^howiug that the disease of grape- vines in America is 

 principally caused by Phylloxera, 82 Description of Phylloxera 

 rileyi, 86 The true sexual individuals and the winter egg, 86. 



The blue caterpillars of the vine 87 



1. The grape-vine Epimenis, Psychomorpha epimenis, 87 Habits and 

 characters of the larva, 87 Description of larva and chrysalis, 8d. 



2. The beautiful wood nymph, Eudryas yrata, 88 Characters and 

 food-plants of the larva, 88 The moth and the egg, 89 Descrip- 

 tion of tlic egg aud larva, U Of tku chrysalis, 90. 



