220 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



1625. RILEY, C. V. Continued. 



CHAPTER VII : 



Natural enemies of the Rocky Mountain locust 113 



Birds and other vertebrate animals, 113 The good offices of birds. 

 113 Invertebrate animals, 114 Animals that attack the eggs, 

 115 The silky mite, 115 The Anthomyia egg-parasite, 118 The 

 common flesh-fly, 123 Undetermined larvae, 123 Ichneumon- 

 flies, ground-beetles, click-beetles, and myriapods, 126 Insects 

 that destroy the active locust, 126 The locust-mite, 128 The 

 anonymous Tachina-fly, 131 Yellow-tailed Tachina-fly, 134 

 Flesh-fly, 135. 



CHAPTER VIII: 



Practical considerations 139 



How best to prevent locust injuries, 139 Encouragement of nat- 

 ural enemies, 139 Destruction of the eggs, 139 Experiments 

 with the eggs and conclusions drawn therefrom, 140 Effects of 

 alternately freezing and thawing, 141 Influence of moisture, 

 143 Exposure to the free air, 148 Burying at different depths, 

 and pressure of the soil, 149 Table of temperatures, 152 Har- 

 rowing in the fall, 153 Collecting the eggs, 153 Plowing, how 

 most effectual, 153 Irrigation, tramping, 154 Destruction of 

 the young or unfledged locusts, 155 Burning, 155 Crushing, 

 157 Trapping, 157 Ditching and trenching, 161 Catching, 

 161 Different contrivances for this purpose, 162 Use of de- 

 structive agents, 162 Coal-oil pans, 163 The use of coal-tar, 

 164 The protection of plants by special applications, 165 The 

 best means of protecting fruit and shade trees, 166 Sulphur 

 fumes and smudges, 167 Destruction of the winged locusts, 

 167 Preventive measures, 169 Suggestions that may prove of 

 service, 170 Use of hogs and poultry, 171 The Signal Service, 

 172 Military aid, 173 Diversified agriculture, 174 Organized 

 effort, 176 State legislation, 176 Missouri locust law, 177 Kan- 

 sas locust laws, 178, 179 Minnesota locust law, 180 Nebraska 

 locust law, 184 How to avert locust invasions, 186. 



CHAPTER IX : 



Ravages of locusts east of the Mississippi 187 



Migratory locusts in the eastern States, 187 The Atlantic locust, 

 187 Injury from other non-migratory species, 190 Often a 

 serious, matter during hot, dry seasons, 193 Locust flights in 

 Illinois in 1875, 195 The species of which the swarms were com- 

 posed, 197 Locust flights east of the Mississippi not composed 

 of the Rocky Mountain species, 201 Necessity of discriminating 

 between species, 201. 



CHAPTER X : 



General considerations 207 



Nomenclature, 207 Locust vs. grasshopper, 207 Prairie fires vs. 

 locust ravages, 209 Fasting and prayer, 213 Not a divine visi- 

 tation, 216 Influence of the wind in determining the course of * 

 locust flights, 216 Locusts as food for man, 217. Unnecessary 

 alarm caused by comparatively harmless species, 227. 



1626. RILEY, C. V. On an extensile penetrating organ in a gamasid 



mite. <Proc. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. for 1876, 1877, v. 25, 

 pp. 273-275, 1 fig. See: <Ca. Ent., September [October], 

 1876, v. 8, p. 180. 



