318 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 



2267. [KiLEY, C. V., et al] Continued. 



CHAPTER VI Continued. 



tent of country injured, 133 Crops injured, 133 Amount of 

 damage, 133 Previous season and crop, 134 Number of broods, 

 134 An accompanying cut- worm, 1?5 Natural enemies, 435 

 Army-worm correspondence in spring of 1882, 136 The invasion 

 of 1880 in New Jersey, by Rev. Samuel Lockwood, 139 Perform- 

 ances of the worms, 139 The direction of travel, 141 Origin, 

 eggs, etc., 143 Breeding spots, 143 Recapitulation, habits, and 

 remedies, 145 Notes from Prof. C. V. Riley, the number of broods, 

 hibernation, seasonal influences, 147 Bibliography, 148. 



CHAPTER VII : By C. V. Riley. 

 Canker-worms, Paleacrita vernata, Anisopteryx pometaria. By C. V. 



Riley , 157 



Classification, 157 Two distinct insects concerned, 158 Differences 

 between them, 159 Nomenclature, 162 Past history, 165 The 

 spring canker-worm, 170 Range of the species, 170 Characters, 

 171 Habits and natural history, 172 Appearance of the worms, 

 173 Food-plants, 174 Modes of distribution, 175 Enemies, 175 

 Destructiveness of canker-worms, 178 The fall canker-worm, 

 179 Range of this species, 179 Its characters, 180 Habits and 

 natural history, 181 Oviposition, 182 Season of appearance, 

 182 Pupation, 183 Food-plants, 18S Remedies and preventive 

 measures applicable to both species, 183 Sticky substances, 183 

 Hanging tin band, 185 Troughs of oil, 186 Precautions and 

 classification of contrivances, 189 Jarring and burning, 191 

 Washes and dustings, 191 Paris green, 192 Muriate of lime, 

 192 Sulphur plugged in trees, 193 Fall plowing, 193 Birds and ' 

 parasites, 195 Different measures against the species, 196. 



CHAPTER VIII: 

 The Hessian fly Cecidomyia destructor, its ravages, habits, and the 



means of preventing its increase. By A. S. Packard, jr . ; 198 



Introduction, 198 Losses occasioned by the Hessian fly, 199 De- 

 scription of the fly, 207 Habits, 210 Mode of egg-lay ing, 211 

 Effects of the larva, 213 Weather aud seasonal influences, 215 

 Parasites, 216 Remedies, 220 Late sowing, 221 Early sowing, 

 223 Advantage of high culture, 225 Pasturing with sheep, 225 

 Sowing hardy varieties, 227 Special remedies, 229 Application 

 of lime, 229 Rolling the ground, 229 Close cutting, 229 Burn- 

 ing stubble, 230 Periodicity of the fly, 230 Chronological table 

 of fly years, 232 Distribution of the fly, 234 Its origin in Amer- 

 ica, 234 History of its distribution in the Old World, 234 In 

 America, 240 Summary of habits and remedies, 244 List of 

 works and articles on the Hessian fly, 245. 



PART III. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS. 

 CHAPTER IX: 



Descriptions of larvae of injurious forest insects. By A. S. Packard, jr. 251 

 Buprestidce, 251 The flat-headed apple-borer, Chrysobothris femo- 

 rata, 251 Chalcophora virginica, 252 Melanophila sp.,253 The 

 flat-headed spruce-borer (Melanophila^}, 254 The flat-headed 

 peach- and cherry-borer, Dicerca divaricata Say, 255 Buprestid 

 under hemlock bark, SttCerambytidce, 256 Longicorn larva 

 under hemlock bark, 256 Saperda on the willow, 256 The lesser 

 pine-borer, Asemum mccstum Haldeman, 256 The oak-borer, 

 Elaphidion parallelum Newman, 257 The common oak clytus, 



