BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 337 



2343. RILEY, C. Y. Continued. 



CHAPTER II Continued. 



7 Habits of worm at different stages, 7 Jumping habit, 7 

 Only known to feed on cotton and one another, 8 Odor of the 

 worm, 8 Migrations of worm, 8 Method of pupation, 8 

 Formation of cocoon, 8 The worm never burrows in the ground, 

 8 Distinctive characters of the chrysalis, 9 Duration of chrys- 

 alis state, 9 Distinctive characters of the moth, 9 Sexual dif- 

 ferences in the moths, 9 Different habits of the moths at night 

 and by day, 10 Their strong flight, 10 Their position at rest, 

 10 How soon the female begins to lay, 10 Her prolificacy, 10 

 Food of the moth, 10 It injures fruits, 11 Structure of the 

 tongue, 11 Mention of other Noctuidce which injure fruits, 11 

 Time elapsing from one generation to another, 11 This will 

 average about one month, 12 Time of year when the first 

 worms appear, 12 Former opinions erroneous, 12 Dates of 

 earliest appearance variable, 12 Worms of all sizes found in 

 Florida and southern Georgia in the latter part of March, 12 

 First worms always few and scattered, 12 They multiply and 

 spread irregularly, 12 Their progress governed by the season 

 and latitude, 13 The third generation often called the, first, 13 

 Number of annual generations, 13 There are at least seven in 

 southern Texas, 13 Gradual progress and succession of broods, 

 14 The second generation exceptionally very injurious, 14 

 Why not usually so, 14 Extent of migratory flights of the 

 moths, 15 Probable existence of northern food-plants, 15 

 Causes and seasons of migration, 15 Behavior of migrating 

 moths, 15 The question of hibernation, 15 Different former 

 opinions and beliefs concerning hibernation, 16 Discussion of 

 these opinions, 16 The chrysalides are killed by a temperature 

 below 22 F., 16 Parasited chrysalides can bear greater cold, 

 16 Fallacy of the belief that the chrysalis winters under- 

 ground, 16 Ease with which erroneous conclusions can be 

 drawn from mistaken identity, 17 The chrysalis of Aspila vi- 

 rescens mistaken for that of the Aletia, 17 Chrysalides of 

 other cotton larvae found underground in abundance, 17-s-The 

 chrysalis of Aletia killed by burial, 17 Ability of the moth to 

 survive the winter, 18 Unreliability of most testimony as to 

 the hibernation of the moth, 18 Other moths easily mistaken 

 for it, 18Hypena scabralis, 18Phoberia atomaris, 19Leucania 

 unipuncta, 19 Absence of testimony to the survival of the moths 

 beyond March, 19 Theory of annual introduction of the species 

 from some southern foreign country, 19 Statement and discus- 

 sion of Grote's arguments and of others in support of this theory, 

 20 Arguments in favor of the hibernation of the moth, 21 

 Both immigration and hibernation may occur, 21 Summary of 

 the evidence, 22 Aletia hibernates only as a moth and only in 

 the extreme south, especially in Texas, 22. 



CHAPTER III: 



Past history of the cotton-worm in the United States 23 



From 1793 to 1825, 23 Fron 1826 to 1846, 24 From 1847 to 1866, 

 25 From 1867 to 1869, 26 From 1869 to 1872, 27 In 1872 and 

 1873, 28 In 1873 and 1874, 29 In 1875 and 1^76, 30 In 1877 and 

 1878, 31 In 1879 and 1880, 32 In 1880 and 18bl, 33 History of 

 remedies, 34 Hand-picking and poultry, 34 Fires, 35 Other 



22 ENT 



