BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 359 



2377. KILEY, C. V. Young grasshoppers. <San Francisco Examiner 1 , 



25 April, 1887. S.-b. No. 63, p. 85. 



Interview with reporter ; ravages of and means against Melanoplus [= Calop- 

 tenus] devastator. 



2378. EILEY, C. V. Our shade trees and their insect defoliators. Be- 



ing a consideration of the four most injurious species which 

 affect the trees of the capital ; with means of destroying them. 

 <Bull. No. 10, Div. Ent. U. S.Dept. Agric. [7 May], 1887, 69, pp. 

 27 figs. 



CONTENTS. 



LETTER OF SUBMITTAL .. 5 



INTRODUCTION 7 



FOUR PRINCIPAL LEAF-EATERS 8 



The imported elm leaf-beetle, Galeruca xanthomelcena 8 



An importation from Europe 8 



Habits and natural history 8 



Remedies 11 



More recent experience at the Department 14 



Past history of the elms in question, 14 Condition and charac- 

 teristics of the grove in 1882 and 1883, 14 Extent of injury in 

 1882 and 1883, 14 Preferences of the elm beetles for certain 

 varieties, 15 Effects of arsenical poisons on insect and plant, 

 15 Preventive effects of the poison, 16 Treatment with Lon- 

 don purple, 17 Preparation of the poison, 17 Effects of the 

 mixture, 17 Treatment with Paris green, 18 Mechanical 

 means of applying the poison, 19. 



The bag- worm, Thyridopteryx ephemerceformw 22 



Habits and natural history 22 



The eggs, 22 The larva and its bag, 23 Pupation, 25 The 

 imago or perfect insect, 25. 



Geographical distribution ..'. 26 



Food-plants 27 



Enemies 27 



The white-marked tussock-moth, Orgyia leucostigma 29 



Habits and natural history 29 



The eggs, 29 Development and characters of the larva, 29 

 Habits of the larva, 30 Pupation, 30 The imago, 30 Hiberna- 

 tion, 31 Number of annual generations, 31. 



Food-plants 31 



Natural enemies and parasites 31 



Geographical distribution - 33 



The fall web-worm, Hyphantria cunea 33 



Natural history 33 



Limitation of broods, 33 The eggs, 34 The larva, 35 Pupa and 

 cocoon, 36 The moth, 36. 



Injury done in 1886 .*.. 37 



Proportionate injury to different plants and shade trees . 40 



Peculiar effect of defoliation upon some plants 42 



Enemies of the web-worm other than insects 43 



Predaceous insect enemies 44 



Fungus diseases of the web-worm 46 



Experiments to obtain percentage of diseased caterpillars, 47. 



