BIBLIOGRAPHY OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY. 363 



2394. RILEY, C. V. Continued- 

 TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued. 



and caustic potash, 459 Remedy for the California red-scale 

 ( Aapidiotus aurantil), 460 Experiments made by Mr. Coquillett 

 and Mr. Koebele, 460 Emulsifying oil, 460 Southern buffalo 

 gnats, 461 Results of investigations made on the Southern 

 buffalo gnat and the turkey gnat, 461 Common fall web-worm 

 (Hyphantria cunea), 461 Imported elm-leaf beetle, 461 Spray- 

 ing appliances, 461 Alternation of generation with the joint- 

 worms, 462 Injurious insects of the year, 462 Hop Aphis (Pho- 

 rodon humuli), 462 Serrell automatic reel for silk, 462 Api- 

 cultural station at Aurora, 111., 462 Work of the Division of 

 economic ornithology, 462 International exhibition of ma- 

 chinery and contrivances for applied remedies against fungi 

 and insects at Florence,464 Publications of the Division during 

 the year, 464 Proposed publications, 464 Work of field agents, 

 465 Office force, 465. 



MISCELLANEOUS INSECT ; t 466 



The cottony cushion-scale, Icerya purchasi 466 



Introductory, 466 Geographical distribution, 466 In Australia, 

 466 In Cape Colony, 467 In New Zealand, 467 Importation 

 of the species into California, 468 Its spread and present limi- 

 tation in California, 469 Food-plants, 471 Original food-plant 

 of Icerya purchasi, 471 Its food-plants in South Africa, 471 

 Its food-plants in New Zealand, 472 Its food-plants in Cali- 

 fornia, 472 Characters and life-history, 474 The egg, 475 

 The female larva, first stage, 475 Female larva, second stage, 

 476 Female larva, third stage, 476 The adult female, fourth 

 stage, 477 The egg-sac, 478 The male larva, probable sec- 

 ond stage, 478 Male larva, third stage, 479 The male pupa 

 and cocoon, 479 The adult male, 480 Rate of growth of the 

 different stages, 481 Habits, 481 Exudation of the honey- 

 dew, 482 Mode of spread and distribution, 483 Natural ene- 

 mies, 484 Birds, 484 Predaceous insects, 484 Parasites, 487 

 Remedies and preventive measures, 488 Importation of para- 

 sites, 488 Preventive action, 489 Spraying with insecticides, 

 489 Fumigating, 491 Bandages around the trunk, 491 Con- 

 clusion, 491. 



Buffalo gnats 492 



The Southern buffalo gnat, Simulium pecuarum 493 



Geographical distribution, 493 Early history, 493 Time of ap- 

 pearance, 494 Duration of an invasion, 494 Character of a 

 swarm, 495 Mode of attack, 496 Animals injured, 497 Effect 

 of the bites, 497 How animals protect themselves, 498 Pre- 

 ventives, 499 Remedies for the bites, 501 Attackingman, 501 

 Damage done in various years, 501 Popular opinions about the 

 early states of the buffalo gnats, 502 Habits and natural his- 

 tory, 503 The egg, 503 The larva, 505 Habits of the larvae, 

 505 Food of the larvae, 507 Pupa and cocoon, 508 The imago, 

 509 Number of broods, 509 Enemies of the buffalo gnat, 510 

 Descriptive, 511 Simulium pecuarum n. sp., 512 Simulium me- 

 ridionale n. sp., 513 Remedies tried and proposed against the 

 larvae, 514 Overflows and buffalo gnats, 515. 



