S Y L V i C U L T U R E. 



weeks. The five to seven cotyledons are pointed and show two white 

 stripes and a raised midrib above. 

 Two varieties of Douglas Fir: 



a. Pacific Coast Douglas Fir, growing rapidly, foliage bluish, 

 large cones, two top shoots during summer, the second one usually 

 from a side bud. 



b. Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir, known as varietas glauca, owing 

 to its grayish foliage, of very slow growth, greater hardiness, 

 smaller cones, developing only one shoot annually. Price of seed: 

 $3.75 per pound. 



H. Lawson's Cypress. 



Cones blue brown, globular, only six scales, small, three seeds 

 under scale, seeds two winged. Wing one-twenty-fifth inch wide. 

 Seeds mature in September and October, falling at once. 150,000 

 grains per pound. Sprouting with two cotyledons only, one-fifth to 

 one-third inch long. Young seedlings stand shade. In the sapling 

 stage, fungi seem to play havoc in the plantations, a fact which may 

 explain the small range of the species. Seed 60c per pound. 



I. Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata). 



Scales of cones oval and upright, covering pairs of seeds. Seeds 

 two-winged; wings one-quarter inch long, elliptical, drawn in at top. 

 One pound contains 300,000 grains. Two cotyledons only. Seed cost 

 per pound. Seedlings stand heavy shade. 



Paragraph XVIII. Actual 'planting of seedlings: Introductory 

 remarks. 



A. The forester uses seedlings one to ten years old or, better 

 still, one to five years old. The planting expenses increase at a 

 cubical ratio with the increasing weight of the plants. 



B. Seedlings are planted either with or without " halls " of dirt. 

 They are taken from the nursery or from the woods. Yellow Pines 

 over three years must be planted as " ball plants." Ball planting 

 is always safer, as it involves a small loss of root fibre. Under any 

 circumstances, it is wise to leave as much dirt as possible attached 

 to the roots, preventing the roots from drying and allowing them to 

 quickly re-establish their sucking contact with the pores of the soil. 



C. The small stemlet of young seedlings might be cut off before 

 planting (stump plants). Advantages of planting stumps: 



I. In case of Locust, etc., lack of thorns. 



If. In case of tap rooters (Walnut, Hickory, Oaks where loss of 

 root fibre is great), rapid re-establishment of the equilibrium pre- 

 viously existing between water-sucking power and evaporation. 

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