SYLVICULTURE. 



point of differentiation against the edge of the hole, when drawing 

 with the right hand the dirt required to fill the hole. 



III. Such plants are firmly imbedded and are less shaken by the 

 wind. On forest soil it is wise to place the top dirt dug from the 

 hole around the root tips, and the bottom dirt of the hole close to 

 the surface. The workmen should be shown daily by the forester 

 how to plant. It is of the utmost importance to pulverize and loosen 

 the dirt first, and to then press and beat it tightly with fist, heel 

 or mallet around the roots. Some planters give a trifle of forest 

 humus into the hole; others carry fertile garden dirt in baskets to 

 the plantations. The placing of stones on the hole (as refrigera- 

 tors) is recommended. One man's work at hole digging per day is 

 300 to 3,000 according to root-size and conditions of soil. 



C. The seedling must stand, after planting: 



I. Firmly, the dirt being tightly packed around its roots, so that 

 it cannot be shaken and so that the roots may establish their 

 sucking contacts. 



II. Naturally, the roots having the same manner of spreading 

 and ramifying which they had in the nursery. - 



III. Erect and just as deep as it stood in the nursery (exception: 

 barren sand). 



Paragraph XXIV. Special methods and tools used for planting 

 seedlings in the open. 



A. Biermans spiral spade, costing $2.00, is pointed parabolically, 

 thi blade being 7 1 /* inches long and 5 inches wide. When used bor- 

 ingly, this spade forms a parabolic hole and loosens the soil. With 

 the left hand the seedling is pressed against the side of the hole, 

 while the right hand places some sod ashes (See Par. XXIX, D. VI.) 

 immediately over the fine root fibres. Then the best part of the 

 soil is used to fill the near half of the hole, and the poorest for 

 filling the far half. The instrument is adapted to hardened soil. 

 On wet and binding soil, the dirt clogs in the curves of the spade. 

 Capacity per hand in Germany 320 plants per day. 



B. The Planting Dagger is used for Yellow Pine seedlings one or 

 two years old, to be planted on sandy soil. The dagger is three 

 inches longer than the longest root. It is made of wood, iron shod 

 at the point. It makes a narrow, funnel-shaped hole, which is 

 closed by pressure from another hole made a few inches from the 

 first. On loose, sandy soil it is wise to plant Yellow Pine seedlings 

 deeply up to first needles since Yellow Pine is not affected, in 

 that soil, by deep planting. Daggering is the cheapest possible 



