SYLVICULTURE. 



c. Reduced cost of supervision. 



On the other hand, stationary nurseries suffer from: 



1. Excess of weeds. 



2. Higher cost of transportation of seeds and seedlings. 



3. Large needs of artificial fertilizing. 



4. Danger from mice, insects and fungi for which such nurs-- 

 eries act as incubators. 



For -raising ball plants, the shifting nursery is undoubtedly 

 best; otherwise the selection between shifting and permanent nurs- 

 eries depends on local conditions; such as the price of manure 

 and of fencing; charges for transportation, etc. Seed plantations 

 made on open ground are often used as shifting nurseries espe- 

 cially so in the case of Yellow Pines. 



Paragraph XXIX. Permanent nurseries in particular. 



A. The size of "forest gardens" (the German name for sta- 

 tionary nurseries) depends upon the quantity, the age and the size 

 of the seedlings annually needed. Further, on the presence or 

 absence of transplanting beds, fallow beds and paths between the 

 beds. Regular forest management has forest gardens fitted with: 



I. Transplanting beds, their total size being equal to trans- 

 planting space by number of plants yearly needed by number of 

 years which the transplants are left in such beds. 



II. Seed-beds, their total size being equal to one-fourth of size 

 of transplanting beds for one age class by number of years which 

 the seedlings are allowed to stand imtransplanted. 



III. Foot paths and roads equaling 30% of I and II. 



IV. Fallow beds equaling 100% of I, II, and III, if seedlings 

 and transplants are left for one year only in their beds; 50% of I, 

 II and III, if left for two years; and 33%, if left for three years. 



B. Form of beds. Beds are usually four to six feet wide, 

 separated by paths one or two feet wide, the beds preferably ele- 

 vated- over the paths by from three to twelve inches, so as to 

 check the migration of insects, mice and moles; and so as to allow 

 of better aeration of the soil. Sometimes the beds are kept in 

 board frames, an expensive though useful arrangement. 



C. The following factors must be considered in selecting the 

 site of a nursery: 



1. Soil: A sandy loam or marl is best for seedlings. The correct 

 degree of looseness is secured by mixing sawdust, spent tan, humus, 

 ashes and weeds with the mineral soil. The soil should have no 

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