b Y L V I C U L T U R E. 



close to the stemlet (Ash, Catalpa, Maple). Ash and Catalpa are 

 apt to form forks which may be prevented by timely trimming. 



Large broad-leaved plants planted in furrows often die, when 

 shaken loose by winds. They may be saved if cut to the ground 

 previous to June 15th. 



Paragraph XXXIV. Special nursery methods proclaimed by re- 

 nowned sylviculturists. 



A. Biermans' method. 



Peel the soil cover of an area four times the size of the seed 

 bed and burn the sods thus gotten into sod ashes. Leave them over 

 winter. In spring, mix one-half of the sod ashes with the stirred 

 up top dirt of the intended seed bed. Spread the other one-half 

 pure on top of the bed. Smooth the surface of the bed and press 

 it with a board. Spread seeds broadcast as close together as pos- 

 sible, so that the soil is hardly visible between the grains. Cover 

 seeds with sod ashes sifted on top, and press the cover down with 

 a board. Transplant the young germs in June. Shorten the taproot 

 of Oaks by cutting with a sharp knife. Oak nurseries should be 

 underlaid with impenetrable soil. Yellow Pine and Larch should 

 be used in the open when one year old; all other species two to 

 three years old. 



This method yields very well rooted seedlings. The use of 

 sod ashes is, perhaps not an essential feature of the method; fer- 

 tilizer or manure might be taken instead. The striking point 

 is the transplanting of germs in June. 



B. Von Buttlar method: Von Buttlar wants to raise long roots, 

 not compact roots, for use in sandy soil. The nursery is worked 

 to a depth of three feet, the bottom soil being brought to the sur- 

 face. Larch, Fir and Elm seed are planted broadcast; all other 

 species in rills. No transplanting. All species are used one or 

 two years old. 



C. Manteuffel method. The plants required by Manteuffel must 

 have short, flat roots. Consequently, the best soil in the nursery 

 should be the tep soil, and the ground underneath should not be 

 worked to any depth. 



Kemove by peeling the top layer of the soil, and beat the dirt 

 out of the peeled sods onto the seed beds. Mix it with the dirt 

 of the underground in fall. In spring, burn the sods and other 

 vegetable matter at hand on the beds, mixing the wood ashes thus 

 obtained with the top soil. Spruce shall not be transplanted and 

 is to be used when two years old. Fir and all broad-leafed species 

 must be transplanted. 



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