SYLVICULTURE. 



woods, Birches, Yellow Poplar), and which must not require, during 

 their earliest stages of development, the presence of a shelterwoou 

 overhead. 



B. The coincidence of the compass direction in which the clear- 

 ing lies from the adjoining woods, with the direction of the wind 

 preferably opening the cones and carrying the seed. 



0. liie local danger from storm which might tear down, gradu- 

 ally at least, the adjoining seed trees. 



D. The condition of the cleared soil and its quality as a ready 

 seed-bed, influenced by the presence of weeds; by the decomposi- 

 tion of the humus; by the degree in which the mineral soil has been 

 laid bare in the course of logging operations; by the grade of the 

 slope. 



E. Fires favorable or unfavorable; pasture favorable or un- 

 favorable to regeneration, as the case may be. 



F. The frequency of seed years, and the possibility of lumbering 

 diiring a seed year. 



G. The size, the form and the environments of the area cut over. 

 H. The possibility of preventing undesirable species (Gums, Black 



Jack Oak) and undesirable specimens, like low-branched weed trees 



and spreading '" wolves," from occupying the area to be regenerated, 



and the possibility of regenerating all, a few, or only one species. 



: According to the size of the clearing, we distinguish between: 



The cleared compartment type (large areas cleared) ; 



The cleared strip (narrow belts cleared) ; 



The cleared group type (fair sized groups cleared away); 



The cleared selection type (small bunches of trees or merely 

 single trees cut). 



Paragraph XLIII. The cleared compartment type. 



A. The area bared at one stroke by lumbering comprises be- 

 tween, say, ten and one hundred acres. If the width of the 

 clearing is less than 500 feet, the " cleared strip " type is reached. 

 If the acreage cleared is much in excess of 100 acres, the develop- 

 ment of a second growth is very slow, very poor, very doubtful, 

 so that the character of a sylvicultural type is lost. A number 

 (say five) of seed years are required to restock the ground. The 

 bordering woods, from which reseeding is expected, must not offer 

 an xmproteeted front to the prevailing storm direction. 



The regeneration obtained is, naturally, very heterogeneous and 

 contains a great deal of misshapen advance growth as well as of 

 weed growth. 



100 



