SYLVICULTURE. 



Weeds trees left on the ground might be girdled if belonging 

 to an undesirable species (Beech in Galizia). 



A few seed trees might be left scatteringly (if wind firm) in 

 groups or in strips, preferably close to the roads, often consisting 

 of doty specimens without any value. 



An usher growth of Cottonwoods, Birches, Sumac, Locust, Sassa- 

 fras, etc., frequently precedes the second growth desired on the 

 ground. 



.Fires preceding the seeding, and immediately in the wake of 

 logging, greatly enhance the success of Yellow Pines, Douglas Fir, 

 etc. Yellow Poplar, on the other hand, is checked by the heavy 

 growth of weeds following fires. Stock pasture is of advantage, 

 where it presses the seeds into the soil, and where it checks the 

 weeds. 



The clearing should comprise, if possible, only one side of a 

 cove at a time or the lower part of a slope or the bottom of a 

 cove, so as to allow of greater ease in reseeding. 



B. Actual application: This type has been adopted, not con- 

 fessedly but actually by the Austrian Government in dealing with 

 the primeval woods of Galizia, consisting of Beech, Fir and Spruce. 



The Bureau of Forestry has tried to adopt it, in modified form, 

 for the Minnesota National Forest Reserve and for the majority of 

 its business-working plans (Sawyer and Austin; Weyerhjiuser). 



Thousands of acres of abandoned farm land all over the Eastern 

 States have been reforested in this manner, frequently against the 

 owner's will. 



C. Advantages: The cleared compartment type shows the fol- 

 lowing advantages: 



I. Greatest ease in lumbering. 



II. Concentrated operations and concentrated supervision. 



III. Few permanent main links of transportation required. 



IV. Smallest deviation from the old-time manner of destruc- 

 tive lumbering. 



V. Possibility of temporary use of the clearing for the pro- 

 duction of field crops benefited by the fertilizing effect of the 

 humus. 



VI. Ease of artificial reinforcing and possibility of soil prepara- 

 tion by plowing and by firing; of covering the seeds by pasturage. 



D. Disadvantages: 



I. Applicability to few species only. 



II. Danger of partial or complete failure, especially in clearings 

 covering 100 or more acres, or in case of border trees unfavorably 1 

 situated. 



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