S Y L V I C U L T U R E. 



II. Border trees are exposed to sun scald. 



III. Deer frequent the strips and spoil the young growth. 



IV. The soil of the strip especially of the first strip in a 

 series is rarely " in heat," certainly not over the entire strip, 

 so that the seeds falling upon it have a poor chance of success. 

 This is the case, preeminently, in the humid mountains where a 

 heavy layer of raw humus covers the ground. A large number of 

 years will often elapse", before the next adjoining strip can be 

 taken in hand. 



V. The strips should be cut where the timber is most mature 

 at the time, and not in a succession merely dependent on the con- 

 dition of the yoving growth and on the necessity of proceeding 

 against the prevailing storm direction. 



Paragraph XLV. The cleared group type. 



A. The groups cut comprise from 0.1 acre to three acres. The 

 form is roundish, oval, square, etc., as the case may be, usually 

 coinciding with a geological feature, f. i., a dell, a spur, a spring- 

 head. 



l"he incentive for group-cutting lies either in the simultaneous 

 maturity of the trees stocking on it, or in the desire to obtain 

 conditions particularly favorable to the reproduction of one of the 

 species appearing in the old timber; or the group, previously stocked 

 with an undesirable species, is to be seeded by a better kind. 



B. Actual application: This type has never played an important 

 role in connection with natural seed regeneration. Sylviculturally 

 it seems well adapted to Yellow Poplar, Long Leaf Pine, Lodge- 

 pole Pine, White Pine, also to Hickory and Oak. 



Where the groups run in the shape of long tongues, parallel 

 at regular intervals, they are termed " coulisses." The coulisses 

 are usually meant for the regeneration of more light-demanding 

 species; the "benches" separating the coulisses for the regenera- 

 tion of more shade-bearing species. 



In Germany, the space formerly occupied by a cleared group 

 is termed a " hole." Where the groups, after reseeding, are gradu- 

 ally enlarged, the cleared group-type is bastardized with the shel- 

 terwood group type. 



C. Advantages: The soil of the group, thanks to a sufficient 

 amount of side shade, retains its freshness and porosity. It is 

 sheltered from severe winds and severe heat. Species too sensitive 

 for reproduction in larger clearings or strips can be raised in 



104 



