SYLVICULTURE. 



Where heavy and extensive fires have swept the culled forest 

 originally consisting of exacting species, patient waiting alone can 

 secure conditions more favorable to artistocratic regeneration. Fires 

 frequently convert a high forest of hardwoods into a coppice forest. 



The younger age- classes suffer more from fire than the older 

 age-classes. A fire-swept, culled forest is deficient, at least tem- 

 porarily, in seedlings, saplings and small poles. A few years after 

 a fire, the culled forest often displays the features of the under- 

 planted form of high forest (Par. LXV. C. II. b.) or of the coppice- 

 under- standard form (Par. LXXIII). 



C. Cultured forms of high forest: 



i. Characteristic for the cultured forms of high forest is great 

 uniformity; lack of hypermature, unsound and misshapen aristo- 

 crats; lack of weed-trees; lack of coppice shoots; complete cover 

 overhead; multi- or omni-vendibility ; permanent means of trans- 

 portation. 



The cultured forest does not require weeding or improvement 

 cuttings for the reason that cleanings and early thinnings have 

 prevented the development of weed-trees and wolf-trees, whilst the 

 hypermature veteran has been removed long ago. 



If the culled form is " the form of improvement cuttings," the 

 cultured form might be termed " the form of thinnings." 



II. Subdivision of cultured high forest: 



a. Main cultured forms of high forest: 



1. Even-aged cultured forms, when the age-classes mixed within 

 a compartment differ by up to 25 years. 



aa. Form emanating from the cleared compartment type of 

 n. s. r. 



bb. Form emanating from the short-time shelterw T ood compart- 

 ment type of n. s. r., the periods of regeneration not exceeding 

 25 years. 



cc. Form raised by planting seeds or seedlings over whole 

 compartments. 



del. Form raised by underplanting seeds or seedlings over 

 whole compartments, followed by (gradual) removal of the super- 

 structing trees within less than 25 years. 



2. Uneven-aged cultured forms, when the age-classes mixed 

 within a compartment differ by over 25 years. 



aa. Form emanating from the long-time-shelterwood compart- 

 ment type of n. s. r. 



bb. Form emanating from strip types, either restocked by 

 n. s. r. or by planting. 



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