SYLVICULTLRE. 



form, adapted particularly for the production of fascines at levees, 

 is known as: 



c. The pollarding form of cultured coppice. 



In this form, rotations of one to five years are usually adopted, 

 and the "lopping" takes place in the "new wood." 



III. Treatment of cultured coppice forms: 



Regeneration in the cultured forms of coppice is, of course, by 

 coppicing, helped by planting stumps, cuttings, suckers' and layering. 

 Regeneration may proceed against the direction of the wind which 

 brings the heavy frosts of spring and fall (blizzard-direction). Clean- 

 ing and thinnings are often indicated. 



i' 

 Paragraph LXXI. Critical remarks on coppice forests. 



The coppice forest generally furnishes small-sized timber, nota- 

 bly firewood and farm supplies, but no or little esaw timber. Its 

 production is not so many-sided as that of the high forest, and for 

 that reason not equally safe. 



On the other hand, allowing of shorter rotations, the timber 

 investment is much smaller than in high forest, and the returns 

 from "final yields" are more frequent. 



A comparatively small area may produce, under a coppice form, 

 a regularly sustained yield. 



The soil of the forest is frequently exposed, and shows a thin 

 layer of hunuis. Shallow soil is, however, sufficient for the welfare 

 ol a coppice forest. 



The water-retaining capacity of the coppice forest is small. 



Coppice forest is less exposed to storm, fire, snow, and insects 

 (being broad-leafed usually), and more exposed to late and early 

 frosts than high forest. As a stock pasture, it is much more pro- 

 ductive than high forest; but also much more damaged by pasture. 



The expense of regeneration and of pedagogy is slight,. The 

 species forming shoots from below the ground and those forming 

 root-suckers usually allow of long rotations. 



Paragraph LXXII. Coppice forests by species. 



A. Oaks: 



I. Culled Oak coppice: 



Culled Oak coppice is usually fire-culled. The stumps do not 

 tire 01 emitting shoots after each fire. Still, the shoots become 

 weak, stunted and bushy-crowned and refuse to grow in diameter as 

 well as in height. 



