SYLVICULTURE. 



II. Subdivisions of culled coppice under standards: 



The number of forms of coppice under standards is particularly 

 great, owing to the variations occurring in the tiers of forest, viz.: 

 the overwood and the underwood. 



a. Tne overwood is omni, multi, or pauci vendible, as the case 

 may be. It is arranged either in groups or in patches (individuals) 

 imbedded in the coppice. Thus we obtain: 



1. The form of culled coppice under standards raised in the 

 group type, and 



2. The form of culled coppice under standards raised in the 

 selection type. 



b. The leaf canopy of the standards covers a certain percentage 

 of the ground. This percentage, where high, forces the underwoods 

 into a minor role; where small, it allots to the underwood the 

 major part. , 



The Longleaf Pine woods of the South, after heavy culling, 

 illustrate the latter form; the Shortleaf Pine woods of the Bilt- 

 more Plateau exhibit the former form. These forms might be 

 designated as: 



1. The form of prevailing coppice under standards; 



2. The form of coppice under prevailing standards. 



c. According to the means of coppicing, there should be dis- 

 tinguished 



1. The form of fire-culled coppice under standards; 



2. The form of axe-culled coppice under standards. 



III. Treatment of culled forms of coppice under standards. 

 Improvement cuttings and, Avhere improvement cuttings cannot 



be made, Aveeding are usually required. 



Fire coppice should be cut down, wherever the growth is 

 stagnant. 



An undue preponderance of standards may be checked by the 

 use of the axe. 



Planting of seedlings can usually be dispensed with. Where it 

 is advisable to plant seedlings, the coppice must be cut clean to 

 begin with. 



B. Cultured forms of coppice under standards: 



I. Characteristic for the cultured forms of coppice under stand- 

 ards is the lack of weed trees and of unhealthy standards; further 

 the geometric regularity of the figures considered as compartments 

 and sub-compartments. 



The overwood is composed only of storm-firm and light-demand- 

 ing species. 



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