SYLVICULTURE. 



II. Subdivisions of cultured forms of coppice under standards. 

 As in the culled forest there should be distinguished : 



a. The form of cultured coppice under standards raised in the 

 group type with 



1. Prevailing coppice, or with 



2. Prevailing standards. 



b. The form of cultured coppice under standards raised in the 

 selection type with 



1. Prevailing coppice, or with 



2. Prevailing standards. 



The standards might be planted in regular rows (Charles Heyer's 

 idea) or in regular groups or irregularly in suitable places; or 

 they might be recruited from self-sown seed under the selection type. 



III. Treatment of cultured forms of coppice under standards. 

 The regeneration of the overwood as well as its pedagogy is 



difficult, unless the group type is carried through. Individual seed- 

 lings are very apt to be suffocated in the mass of faster-growing 

 coppice and require continuous, careful attention. Thinnings are 

 required to prepare the youngest class of standards immerged in 

 the coppice for its future task. 



The overwood is sometimes pruned in this case of dead as well 

 as of live branches. 



Paragraph LXXVI. Critical remarks on coppice-under-standards 

 forest. 



The coppice-under : standards forest combines the good qualities 

 of the high forest with those of the coppice forest. It furnishes 

 timber of all sizes in the largest possible variety. It requires a 

 moderate investment sunk into the growing stock and allows the 

 overwooo. to grow into log size at a very fast rate. It is a good 

 form for the owners of small woodlands desiring steady returns. 

 It protects the fertility of the soil better than the coppice form. 



The logs furnished by the overwood raised selectionwise are 

 necessarily branchy and wide ringed, with the incident bad and 

 good qualities of such logs. The trees usually do not yield more 

 than two saw logs. 



Where the underwood is unsalable or low priced, stress must 

 be laid on a prevalence of the overwood. Where it is valuable as 

 a tanning material or as wagon stock, the underwood is favored. 



The danger from fire since hardwoods are usually at stake 

 is not very great. The density of the brushy underwood, however, 

 aggravates the difficulties confronting the fire fighter. 

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