SYLVICULTURE. 



B. Cork industry: 



The cork industry is conducted in Southern France, Spain, 

 Portugal and Northern Africa. For America, its introduction seems 

 highly remunerative. 



Experiments made in Georgia and in the Carolinas with plan- 

 tations of Cork Oak have produced very healthy trees; for reasons 

 unknown however, the cork production was deficient. Possibly the 

 wrong species or the wrong variety was selected, or else mistakes 

 "were made in choosing soil, exposure and. sylvicultural treatment. 



Mayr recommends experiments with Quercus variabilis for the 

 section of Germany productive of Castanea vesca. 



C. Forest pasture: 



Up to 1880, forest pasture in Longleaf Pine woods of the 

 South (Cane-brakes) and in the hardwood forests of the Alle- 

 ghanies has occupied the rank of the most important forest indus- 

 try. Nowadays, pasture is indicated on many a windswept ridge 

 where the growth of timber is stunted, whilst the atmospheric 

 moisture allows of a luxurious production of grass. Under nut- 

 bearing trees, hog pasture is highly remunerative. In " strong " 

 coves, the growth of weeds offers splendid forage for cattle. 



The more inaccessible the forest, the less is the value of the 

 tree growth. Here an industry is advisable which converts vegetable 

 fibre into animal matter. At the same time, the advantage gained 

 by pasturage during and previous to regeneration frequently reduces 

 the expense of regeneration. 



Whether the fencing of forest pastures is advisable depends on 

 circumstances. A two-stringed barbed wire fence costs $40 per 

 mue. 



Goats, as extirpators of woody weeds (Corylus, Azalea) are 

 frequently useful on mountain pastures. 



Woody weeds damaging the pastures are kept in check by 

 continuous mowing, especially if mowed in August. A limited use 

 of fire, too, improves the pasture. Forest pastures are invaluable 

 as fire lanes. 



Pasturage of cattle extends in Pisgah Forest from May 1st to 

 October 15th. Sheep and hogs require feeding only in February. 

 The revenue made per month amounts to: per head of cattle, fifty 

 cents; horses, seventy-five cents; sheep, ten cents. 



Where the growth of trees on a permanent pasture is too 

 dense, deadening or coppicing is required. Where it is too little 

 or where erosion sets in, the pasture must be abandoned for a 

 number of years. Dead trees placed horizontally on pastured slopes 

 safeguard the pasture. 



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