8o FOREST UTILIZATION 



D. Ripping. 



The rip saw is a circular saw running on a bench and allowing, 

 by a gauge arrangement, to cut any desired width of board or 

 strips. It is usually hand fed. 



A power fed gang rip saw is merely an edger. 



E. Cut oft saws. 



Cut off saws are either swing saws, jump saws, stationary saws 

 with carriage moved by hand or automatically, or traveling 

 railway cut off saws when the saw is moved horizontally 

 against the timber. 



F. Sand papering. 



I. Belt sand papering, for carriage spokes, axe handles, 



buggy poles etc. 

 II. Disc sand papering, notably for boxes. 



III. Spindle sand papering, for small tool handles. 



IV. Cylinder drum sand papering. 



The object to be sand papered is always fed onto the ma- 

 chine by hand. 



G. Scraping. 



Under "scraping" is understood the removal of an extremely thin 



(not over 1/64 inch) layer of tissue from a- planed surface. 



It is meant to replace and to cheapen the process of sand 



papering, and is not intended to reduce the thickness. The 



scraper consists of power driven, smooth feed rolls and of one 



stationary knife, over which the boards are passed. Corky or 



stringy lumber cannot be scraped. 

 H. Mitering. 



In mitering the stock is run along the so-called "fence" against 



a circular saw, the plane of which forms a variable angle with 



the plane of the saw table. 

 I. Moulding. 



Mouldings are either one, two or four sided. 



Cutter heads, into which cutters of variable size and form are 



inserted, secure any variety of patterns of moulding. Moulders 



are often called "stickers." 

 J. Miscellaneous. 



Under "matching" is understood the cutting of a tongue and 



groove into the edge of box boards, flooring boards etc. The 



work is done by a knife and cutter head. 

 Under "gaining" is understood the ditching across a piece. 

 Under "plowing" is understood the ditching along a piece. 

 "Tenoning" is especially required for doors and blind slats 



single and double tenons being distinguished. 

 Door panels go through a "panel raising" machine. 

 Sash and door "relishing" means the biting or sawing of large 



teeth into the tenon. 



