FOREST UTILIZATION 91 



ing frame or a rotating frame and are tilted con- 

 tinuously, so as to alternate edge and butt cuts. 

 The sliding frame is either hand fed or power 

 fed. A machine takes from one to ten blocks 

 at a time. 



IV. The jointer is meant to give a rectangular shape to the 

 shingle. It is either a single or a double rip saw (two 

 saws 4 inches apart) or a wheel jointer consisting of a 

 steel wheel carrying, close to the circumference, 4 to 8 

 knives radially or almost radially set and of a hood 

 covering the machine and connected with a blowpipe 

 to remove shavings. The shingles are placed opposite 

 an opening in the hood and pressed by hand against 

 the knives, which make about 500 to 800 revolutions per 

 minute. 



V. The shingle packer, used for 16 inch and 18 inch shingles, 

 consists of a bench and two slotted and overhanging 

 steel rods. The attendant pressing the rods down by 

 hand or foot packs the shingles tightly with their fine 

 ends overlapping. - 



VI. Shingle planers, fancy butt shapers and dry kilns are 

 found in up to -date plants. After dry kilning, bundles 

 require tightening up. 



XXV. LATH MILL. 



The usual length of laths is 4 feet; the weight per 1,000 is 500 pounds. 



One thousand laths cover 70 square yards, and a cord of slabs yields 

 3,000 laths. 



All softwoods, further yellow poplar, cottonwood and linden .form 

 the raw material for lath. 



The machinery used consists of: 



A. Slab resaw, by which the last board is cut out of the slab. It 



co'ntains a circular saw and feed works pressing the slab in to 

 the saw. 



B. Lath bolter, consisting of a single or double cutoff. 



C. Lath machine, which is either an ordinary rip saw having up to 



six small circular saws and an automatic feed, or a cutter- 

 head and knife machine. The latter machine makes the so 

 called "grooved" lath. 



D. Lath bundling machine, which presses the laths together by a 



foot or hand lever and facilitates binding. 



XXVI. CLAPBOARD MILL. 



The cross section of clapboards is either square or. more usually, 

 beveled, with the big edge from $ inch to ^ inch thick. 



They are manufactured either from boards i inch thick fed through 

 a resaw, the feed rolls of which are inclined toward the saw, or 

 by special clapboard machinery directly frftm the log. Logs, in the latter 

 case, are cut in pieces of proper lengths (4 feet to 6 feet) by a drag saw; 



