BRITISH WILD FLOWERS 27 



rose, butcher's broom, arbutus, cranberry, rose, 

 bramble, hawthorn, sea buckthorn, cherry, and 

 raspberry are a few of the shrubs and trees 

 whose fruits are red. Fruits of a deeper hue 

 are found on the blackthorn, bilberry, elder, 

 juniper, privet, buckthorn, ivy, crowberry, deadly 

 nightshade (Plate III), and other plants. 



Seeds are of many kinds, and are dispersed 

 in various ways. We have pappus attached to 

 the seeds of many composites (Group viii), such 

 as the thistles and dandelion (Fig. 30), as well as 

 to those of the willow, the willow-herb (Fig. 18), 

 the valerian, and a few others. Hooked seeds, 

 which can lay hold of the hair of animals or the 

 dress of pedestrians, are found on avens (Fig. 25), 

 goosegrass, hound's-tongue, \voodrufT, corn crow- 

 foot, burdock, some trefoils, and other plants. A 

 few plants eject their seeds in different ways, and 

 the geraniums (Group xiv), gorse, broom, violet, 

 and impatient bittercress are specially interesting 

 in this connexion. Others, like the ash, maple, 

 and elm, the lime and fir, have samarae, or 

 winged seeds, which float on the breeze. The 

 fruits or seeds of the different umbels, geraniums, 

 legumes, crucifers, and buttercups are of great 

 value as means by which to distinguish one 

 species from another. 



5. Leaves, Bracts, and Stipules 

 Many plants can be identified at once by 



