186 THE WONDERFUL CENTURY. CHAP. xvi. 



the particular motions are the natural expression, was 

 discovered by Gall and was well known to all the early 

 phrenologists; but the modern writers, owing to their 

 ignorance of phrenology, have denied this correspond- 

 ence. It has, however, been clearly pointed out by Mr. 

 James Webb, late President of the British Phrenological 

 Association, in his " Phrenological Aspect of Modern 

 Physiological Research " (1890), and by Dr. Bernard 

 Hollander, M. D., at the British Association in 1890, 

 and before the Anthropological Institute in 1889 and 

 189 1. 1 A few of the examples, beginning with those 

 adduced by Dr. Hollander, Avill be here summarized, but 

 the original papers must be consulted for the full 

 evidence. 



Professor Terrier excited a definite portion of the 

 ascending frontal convolution in monkeys and several 

 other animals, which had the effect of elevating the 

 cheeks and angles of the mouth with closure of the eyes. 

 On no other region could the same effect be produced. 

 Now the expression of joy or amusement is the drawing 

 back the corners of the mouth, forming an incipient 

 smile. All the authorities agree in this. General 

 paralysis of the insane is almost always accompanied by 

 optimism and constant joyousness, accompanied by de- 

 lusions as to wealth and grandeur; and the earliest phys- 

 ical symptom of the disease is a trembling at the corners 

 of the mouth and the outer corners of the eyes. Now 

 the brain-centre producing these effects corresponds in 

 position to the phrenological organ of Hope, the mani- 

 festation of which is cheerfulness and especially cheerful 

 anticipations. 



1 See Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. xix. p. 12, and 

 vol. xx. p. 227. 



