254 THE WONDERFUL CENTURY. CHAP. xvm. 



as performed by the public vaccinators; but since 1872 

 all vaccinations are recorded, and the numbers published 

 by the Local Government Board. My third diagram is 

 for the purpose of showing graphically the relation of 

 small-pox to other zymotic diseases, and to vaccination, 

 for England and Wales. The lower line shows small- 

 pox, the middle one zymotic diseases, and the upper the 

 total death-rates. The relations of the three, are much 

 the same as in the London diagram, the beginning of the 

 great decline of zymotics being in 1871, and that of 

 small-pox in 1872, but the line of small-pox is much 

 lower, and zymotics somewhat lower than in London, 

 due to a larger proportion of the inhabitants living under 

 comparatively healthy rural conditions. 



But if the amount of vaccination were the main and 

 almost exclusive factor in determining the amount of 

 small-pox, there ought to be little or no difference be- 

 tween London and the country. But here, as in all 

 other cases, the great factor of comparative density of 

 population in compared areas is seen to have its full 

 effect on small-pox mortality as in that of all other 

 zymotic diseases. 



This non-relation between vaccination and small-pox 

 mortality is further proved by the dotted line, showing 

 the total vaccinations per cent, of births for the last 22 

 years, as given in the " Final Keport " (p. 34). The 

 diminution of vaccination in various parts of the coun- 

 try began about 1884, and from 1886 has been continu- 

 ous and rapid, and it is during this very period that 

 small-pox has been continuously less in amount than has 

 ever been known before. Both in the relation of Lon- 

 don small-pox to that of the whole country, and in the 



