CHAP. xvm. VACCINATION A DELUSION. 265 



in the same year, although the city must have contained 

 a very large male population which had passed through 

 the Army, and had therefore been revaccinated. 



I give one more diagram (No. VII.) of small-pox in 

 Bavaria, from a table laid before the Royal Commission 

 by Dr. Hopkirk for the purpose of showing the results of 

 long-continued compulsory vaccination. He stated to 

 the Commission that vaccination was made compulsory 

 in 1807, and that in 1871 there were 30,742 cases of 

 small-pox, of which 95.7 per cent, were vaccinated. (2d 

 Report, Q. 1489.) He then explains that this was 

 because " nearly the whole population was vaccinated " ; 

 but he does not give any figures to prove that the vacci- 

 nated formed more than this proportion of the whole 

 population; and as the vaccination age was one year, it 

 is certain that they did not do so. 1 He calls this being 

 " slightly attacked," and argues that it implies " some 

 special protection." No doubt the small-pox mortality 

 of Bavaria was rather low, about equal to that of Ire- 

 land; but in 1871 it rose to over 1000 per million, while 

 Ireland had only 600, besides which the epidemic lasted 

 for two years, and was therefore very nearly equal to 

 that of England. But we have the explanation when 

 we look at the line showing the other zymotics, for these 

 are decidedly lower than those of England, showing bet- 

 ter general sanitary conditions. In Bavaria, as in all 

 the other countries we have examined, the behavior of 

 small-pox shows no relation to vaccination, but the very 

 closest relation to the other zymotics and to density of 



1 The small-pox deaths under one year in England have varied dur- 

 ing the last fifty years from 8.6 to 27 per cent, of the whole. (See 

 "Final Report," p. 154.) 



