CHAP. xx. THE DEMON OF GREED. 345 



who may both be termed capitalists, of all the products 

 of industry and all the industrial applications of science. 

 This arises from the fact that those who have neither 

 land nor capital are obliged to work, at competition 

 wages, for the capitalists; who, for the same reason, have 

 the command of all scientific discovery and all the invent- 

 ive ability of the nation, and even of the whole civilized 

 world. Hence it has happened that the development of 

 steam navigation, of railroads and telegraphs, of me- 

 chanical and chemical science, and the growth of the 

 population, while enormously increasing productive 

 power and the amount of material products that is, of 

 real wealth at least ten times faster than the growth 

 of the population, has given that enormous increase al- 

 most wholly to one class, comprising the landlords and 

 capitalists, leaving the actual producers of it the indus- 

 trial workers and inventors little, if any, better off than 

 before. If this tenfold increase of real wealth had been 

 so distributed that all were equally benefited, then every 

 worker would have had ten times as much of the neces- 

 saries and comforts of life, including a greater amount 

 of leisure and enjoyment; while none would have 

 starved, none would have slaved fourteen or sixteen 

 hours a day for a bare existence, none need have had 

 their lives shortened by unwholesome or dangerous 

 occupations; and yet the capitalists and landlords might 

 also have'had their proportionate share of the increase. 

 As it is, they have had many times more than their pro- 

 portionate share; the result being that, if we take the 

 whole of the class of manual laborers, little, if any, of the 

 increase has gone to them. 



A number of well-established facts prove this. In 



