THE HUMAN SCIENCES 51 



its ways and rise above them ; and, on the other hand, with 

 a world which limits and resists the caprice of the self, and 

 in the very act of doing so guides it to wider views and 

 larger ways of life. 



The same result appears if we adopt a negative method. 

 Take away from " the world" of any individual all that is 

 due to his attention and interest, his observation and pur- 

 pose, his distinguishing and organising activities there 

 will remain a tumultuous something pressing upon his 

 senses, which has neither meaning nor order. Take away, 

 again, from "the individual" all that he has borrowed 

 from his world there will remain something that can think 

 no specific thoughts, form no purpose, seek no good, speak 

 no language. We can give no name to such empty, 

 impotent residua. 



Hence we cannot tear a man and his world asunder 

 without destroying both ; nor can we say that this is his 

 soul, and that is his environment. ' The soul within him 

 is saturated, is filled, is qualified by, it has assimilated, has 

 got its substance, has built itself up from, it is one and the 

 same life with the universal life, and if he turns against this 

 he turns against himself; if he thrusts it from him, he 

 tears his own vitals ; if he attacks it he sets his weapon 

 against his own heart. He has found his life in the life of 

 the whole ; he lives that in himself ; ' he is a pulse-beat of 

 the whole system,' and himself the whole system." l 



As we can nowhere find a man who, having been born 

 and nurtured amongst savages, exhibits either the virtues 

 or the vices of a man bred in a civilised country ; so we can 

 nowhere find a civilised world of social usages, traditions, 

 customs, mutual obligations and services, which is not 

 1 Bradley's Ethical Studies. 



