

ABDICATION 



Va. Virginia. 



V. C. Victoria Cross. 



viz. videlicet, to wit, namely. 



Versus, against. 

 Vt. Vermont. 

 W. West. 



W. A. Western Australia. 

 Wash, or Wn. Washington. 

 W. C. T. U. Woman's Christian Temperance 



Union. 



Wls. Wisconsin. 



wt. Weight. , 



Wy. Wyoming:. 

 Xmas. Christmas. 

 yd. Yard. 

 Y. M. C. A. Young Men's Christian Associa- 



tion. 

 Y. W. C. A. Young Women's Christian Asso- 



elation. 

 yr. Year. 



For a very complete list. Including all abbre- 

 viations ever used, see an unabridged dictionary. 



ABDICA'TION, the resignation of a ruler or 

 sovereign. The word abdication originally had 

 the same meaning as renunciation, a voluntary 

 withdrawal, and did not apply to forced resig- 

 nations or depositions. In modern use abdica- 

 tion may be either voluntary or involuntary. 

 The more important abdications follow: 

 Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia. .June 4, 1802 

 Charles IV of Spain ............. March 19, 1808 



Joseph Bonaparte of Naples ....... June 6, 1808 



Gustavus IV of Sweden .......... March 29, 1809 



Louis Bonaparte of Holland ........ July 2, 1810 



N .po,eon o, France 



r Emmanuel of Sardinia. . . .March 13, 



Charles X of France ............ August 2, 



William I of Holland ........... October 7, 



Louis Philippe of France ...... February 24. 



Ferdinand of Austria ......... December 2, 



Charles Albert of Sardinia ....... March 23, 



Isabella II of Spain ............... June 25, 



Amadeus I of Spain ........... FHn-uary 11. 



Abd-ul-AzIz of Turkey ............. May 30, 



Abd-ul-Hamld of Turkoy April 27. 



Pu-YI of China ..... : .nuary 1, 



las II of Russia. . . March IT,. 



Conntnntln*' I of Greece ........... June 12. 



Ferdinand I of Bulgaria ......... October 3, 



Charles I of Austria ......... November 12. 



William II of Germany ....... November 28. 



Leaser German rulers followed William n 



ABDOMEN, abdoh' men, in man, the ca 

 h contains the intestines, liver, stoni 

 kidneys and other organs. It is the lower part 

 trunk, and is separated from tlio thorax, 

 or upper cavity, by the diaphragm. The )< 

 end of the cavity is bounded by the p 

 bones. The term abdomen is also applied col- 

 to all the organs contained in this 

 cavity. The entire cavity is lined by a thin 

 membrane called the peritoneum (moaning 

 k, to fold about or over). The periton- 

 is f< the organs in such a way as to 



1821 

 1830 

 1840 

 1848 

 1848 

 1849 

 1870 



1876 

 1909 

 1912 

 1917 



1918 

 1918 

 1918 



ABDOMEN 



keep them in their proper positions, but also 

 to allow them any necessary freedom of mo- 

 tion. It is subject to an inflammation practi- 

 cally the same as that which causes appendi- 



Ilrlntrd Subject*. The anatomy and physi- 

 ology of this part of the body will be made clear 

 by a careful reading of the articles on the fol- 

 lowing topics : 



Bile ie ys 



Chyle Liver 



Chyme Pancreas 



Diaphragm Pelvis 



Digestion Peritoneum 



t ric Juice Spleen 



Intestines Stomach 



V NATION OF DIAGRAM 



nominate artery 14. 

 I. v 

 I. Right auricle of in. 



EMUI IT. 



4. Right lung 



18. 



urn 19. 



..run 



8. Trnnnverne colon 20. 



9. Ascend Ing colon 



10. Jejunum 22. 



28. 



Mead of femur 24. 



13. Thyroid gland 



In the above Illufltrntlon 

 domlnal cavity nhown. with 

 the organs above It. that 



'.ea 

 Left carotid artery 



f aorta 



Left ventricle of 

 i ,.,:t 



ing 



Cardiac orifice of 

 ton .1. i. 



St-" .1, h 



Descending colon 

 r. un 



not only Is the ab- 

 Itfl content*, but also 

 the clear connection 



v !,. . -. |,J. nt. 



