ABERDEEN 



9 



ABERDEEN 



Six weeks later he was ordered home, and was 

 succeeded as commander-in-chief by Baron 

 Amherst. Later he was elected to Parliament, 

 and strongly supported the policy of George 

 III against the American colonies. 



ABERDEEN', the fourth largest city of 

 Scotland and capital of Aberdeenshire, on the 

 North Sea, 130 miles north of Edinburgh, the 

 capital of Scotland. It is locally known as the 

 tnite City" because most of its buildings 

 are constructed of granite quarried in the vicin- 

 ity. Aberdeen, like Glasgow, is famous through- 

 out the world for the extent to which it has 

 carried municipal ownership. All public utili- 

 ties, including electric tram-car service, gas 

 and water works, electric light, public baths, 

 markets and cemeteries, are owned by the 

 municipality. The profits from operation are 

 used for improvements and for the reduction 

 of taxation. Working people in Aberdeen are 

 better housed than in most cities in Great 

 Britain; several model tenements erected by 

 the city set an example which has been fol- 

 lowed by some private owners. 



Although Aberdeen was a prosperous com- 

 munity as early as the middle of the twelfth 

 century, it suffered much in the wars between 

 England and Scotland and its present prosper- 

 ity dates only from 1818, when the rediscovery 

 of methods for polishing granite laid the basis 

 for a new industrial development. Granite in 

 all forms, both polished and in the rough, is 

 the chief item of export, but fish, coal and 

 spirits are also important. The chief manufac- 

 turing industries yield woolen, cotton, jute and 

 linen goods. Aberdeen has an excellent har- 

 bor, with immense floating docks and a break- 

 water, and has steamship connection with Lon- 

 don, Hull and other ports. It is the junction 

 point for three main lines of railway. 



Aberdeen is one of the most beautiful cities 

 in Great Britain. Union Street, its principal 

 thoroughfare, though less famous than Pall 

 Mall, Unter den Linden or Champs Elysces, is 

 one of the handsomest avenues in Europe. 

 Among many notable buildings arc the county 

 : municipal halls, both of native granit- 



Scotch baronial style. Aberdeen is noted 

 for its nuincroiiH educational institutions, 

 among which the University of Aberdeen, with 

 an average of 1.300 to 1,400 students, is most 



'Ttunt. I'o|'iil.ition of tin- eilv in 1911, 



ABERDEEN, .Jmi\ CAMPBELL GORDON, Sev- 



I of (1847- ), a prominent British 



icul leader, best known as Governor-Gen- 



eral of Canada from 1893 to 1898. Aberdeen 

 entered politics as a Conservative, but in 1876 

 he forsook the party, and was thereafter a 

 leading Liberal and supporter of William E. 

 Gladstone. In 1886, during the short third 

 ministry of Gladstone, he was Lord-Lieutenant 

 of Ireland, and from 1905 to 1915 again held 

 that office. Of great personal popularity, he 

 stands among the best-liked of the men who 

 have represented the king at Dublin and at 

 Ottawa. While in Canada he was given hon- 

 orary degrees by Queens, McGill, Ottawa, To- 

 ronto, Laval and other universities. One of his 

 minor titles is baronet of Nova Scotia, orig- 

 inally granted to one of his ancestors in 1642. 



ABERDEEN, S. D., the county seat of 

 Brown County and the trade center for a large 

 section in the northeastern part of the state. 

 It is situated 125 miles northeast of Pierre, the 

 capital, and 280 miles west of Minneapolis, on 

 the Chicago, Milwaukee & Saint Paul, the 

 Chicago & North Western, the Minneapolis & 

 Saint Louis and the Great Northern railways. 

 Aberdeen was founded in 1880, was incorpor- 

 ated in 1882, and was one of the first cities in 

 the Union to adopt the commission form of 

 government. In 1914 the population was 

 13,594, an increase of 2341 since 1910. The 

 area is little less than three square miles. 



Aberdeen is a commercial center and is 

 largely interested in manufactures, flowing ar- 

 tesian wells supplying the power for this pur- 

 pose. Boots, shoes, clothing, flour, chemicals 

 and artesian well supplies are the principal 

 manufactures, and there are creameries, marble- 

 works and several grain elevators. In addition 

 to the public schools the city has a state nor- 

 mal school and a fine library. The Federal 

 building, courthouse and city hall are the 

 notable buildings. c.orc. 



ABERDEEN, WASH., a city in Cheh:lis 

 County, in the southwestern part of the state, 

 noted for its lumber industry. It is situated on 

 Gray's Harb< miles from the open 



sea, fifty miles west of Olympia by rail, m: 

 six miles southwest of Tacoma and 150 milca 

 southwest of Scan I.- The Northern Pacific 

 and Chicago, Milwaukee A Saint Paul railways 

 and the Oregon Washington Railway and Navi- 

 gation Company serve the city. Aberdeen WM 

 11 m 1889. Swedes, Norwegians, Finns 

 and Poles comprise the foreign element oi 

 population, which m 1914 was 18220, an in- 

 crease of 4.560 since 1910. The are* is right 

 square miles. 



Gray's Harbor is one of the three 



