ACCESSORY 



the beginning of the word as ease of pronun- 

 ciation will permit. The word peremptory, for 

 instance, until a ft\v years ago was accented 

 on the second syllable, but to-day authorities 

 agree on the pronunciation per' emptory. 



The term is commonly used in music also, 

 to indicate the stress which is placed on certain 

 tones. Normally, the first beat of each meas- 

 ure receives such an emphasis, and if the 

 measure be long, one or more weaker or sec- 

 ondary accents may be used later. In -a 9/8 

 measure, for example, the first beat is stressed 

 strongly, but weaker accents are placed on the 

 fourth and seventh beats. Sometimes, in order 

 to produce a certain peculiar effect, the accent 

 is shifted and allowed to fall on a beat which 

 would regularly be unaccented. This shifted 

 accent is the most marked characteristic of 

 "ragtime" music. See Music. 



ACCESSORY, ackses' ori,or ACCESSARY, 

 in law, is a person who has some part in the 

 perpetration of a crime, either before or after 

 its commission, but who is not present when 

 the unlawful act is performed. One who aids 

 prior to the act, or who has knowledge that 

 it is impending and does nothing to prevent it, 

 is an accessory before the fact; if he aids the 

 active agent after the crime is committed, or 

 has knowledge of it which he suppresses, he is 

 an accessory after the fact. 



An accessory is punishable with penalties 

 which may be as heavy, in the discretion of the 

 court, as those visited upon the one who 

 actually commits the offense. A knowledge of 

 facts with which a law-abiding citizen acci- 

 dentally becomes familiar places an obligation 

 upon him to assist in punishing law-breakers. 



In physiology, accessory muscles are those 

 that control the finer movements of the body, 

 as the fingers, the toes, and the tongue in 

 making consonantal sounds. 



ACCLIMATIZA'TION, or ACCLIMA'TION, 

 the process by which a plant or animal adapts 

 itself to a climate to which it is not accus- 

 tomed. The best examples of acclimatization 

 are the cultivated plants, like the potato, 

 wheat, barley and other cereals, and the com- 

 mon fruits; all of these are believed to have 

 grown originally only in the warmer zones, 

 but now flourish almost to the polar regions. 

 Although in most of these acclimatization seems 

 perfected, yet certain limitations are always 

 appearing; for instance, corn cannot be grown 

 in the short, cool seasons of the northern 

 temperate regions, while some kinds of wheat 

 do not thrive as well in the warmer climates. 



20 ACCOUNTING 



There are countless instances of partial ac- 

 climatization, where the plant may grow thrift- 

 ily for a time but fail to mature fruit or to 

 bear seeds. 



Animals vary considerably in their power 

 to adapt themselves to different climates. 

 Some, such as the dog, the cat, the domestic- 

 fowls and mice, have followed man into all 

 parts of the world and seem to thrive wherever 

 .man does. In general, it is true that any 

 animal organism may adapt itself perfectly to 

 new conditions if they are presented slowly 

 and by degrees, while if thrown suddenly 

 among the same conditions it will die. Change 

 in climate sometimes affects neither vigor nor 

 general health, but merely size, as in the case 

 of the Shetland pony. Man himself possesses 

 great adapability, yet when changes occur 

 suddenly, he may fall prey to fatal diseases. 

 Whenever representatives of the races inhabit- 

 ing the temperate climates are transported to 

 the tropics, they find it difficult to preserve 

 health and vigor for any great length of time. 

 Of all races of men the Anglo-Teutonic seems 

 best able to endure changes in climate; this 

 ability has made it the greatest colonizing race 

 of the world. Modern sanitation and intelli- 

 gent care, however, enable people to live for 

 many years in varying climates, preserve their 

 health and even carry on the industries of 

 their first home. W.F.Z. 



ACCORDION, ackkawr' dion, an old-fash- 

 ioned wind instrument, one of the smallest of 

 such devices, consisting of a bellows of many 

 folds, to which a keyboard is attached. The 

 right hand plays the melody by pressing the 

 keys, while the 

 left hand opens 

 and shuts the 

 bellows, which 

 causes the air 

 to pass over a 

 set of metal 

 reeds, thus pro- 

 ducing the 

 musical sounds. 



The accordion ACCORDION 



is easy to play, and its music is favored at barn 

 and country dances. It was invented in Vienna 

 in 1829, but is similar to a wind instrument 

 used by the Chinese for centuries. See CON- 

 CERTINA. 



ACCOUNTING is the science of discovering 

 and displaying by means of accounts the exact 

 state of affairs in any business which has to do 

 in any way with money or property. It is thus 



