ADAMS 



39 



ADDAX 



of depth of view and legislative wisdom. From 

 1789 to 1794 he was lieutenant-governor of 

 Massachusetts, from 1794 to 1797 was gov- 

 ernor, and then retired from public life. 



ADAMS, MASS., an industrial city, in the 

 extreme northwestern part of the state, in 

 Berkshire County, about five miles south of 

 North Adams and fifteen miles north of Pitts- 

 field. The town is beautifully situated on both 

 hanks of the Hoosac River, in the midst of 

 th<> famous Berkshire Hills; Greylock Moun- 

 tain, the loftiest peak in the state, is within the 

 town's limits. Railway accommodations are 

 afforded by a branch of the Boston and Albany 

 Railroad. Its population comprises a large 

 number of Poles, and increased from 13,026 in 

 1910 to 13,218 in 1915. 



Adams was founded in 1749 as East Hoosick 

 and was renamed for Samuel Adams, the Amer- 

 ican Revolutionary leader, when it was incor- 

 porated in 1778. Its area is over eighteen 

 square miles and includes the villages of Ren- 

 frew, Maple Grove and Zylonite. The most 

 important industries are the Berkshire Cotton 

 Manufacturing Company, the Renfrew Manu- 

 facturing Company and the L. L. Brown Paper 

 Company. The town excels in the grade of its 

 cotton manufacture, has many churches and 

 schools, a public library and four banks. In 

 the vicinity is a natural bridge of local note, 

 across Hudson's Brook. A line statue of For- 

 mer President McKinley is a conspicuous orna- 

 inrnt of the city. E.K.MCP. 



ADAM'S APPLE, the projecting cartilage 

 of the larynx, noticeable under the skin on 

 tli< throat of all people, in some appearing 

 very prominently. It received its name from 

 tin- belief of the ancients that a piece 'of the 

 apple given to Adam by Eve (Gen. Ill, 6) 

 Muck in his throat. See LARYNX; CARTILAGE. 



ADDAMS, JANE (1860- ), an American 

 social settlement worker, esteemed for years 

 as "the first woman of Illinois," and famous 

 world over for her work at Hull House. 

 Bora at Cedarvill.-. III., she studied at Rock- 

 ford Seminary, in Europe, and at the Women's 

 Medical College in Philadelphia; then, con- 

 'd by her study of social conditions that 

 should devote her life to work amon^ 

 poor, she went to Chicago and there founded 

 Hull House (which see), a social settlement in 

 city's slums. In all her early work she had 

 the assistance of Ellen Gates Starr 



u'etic and capable, sympathetic but not 

 sentimental, and gifted with the ability to 

 grasp at once the problems of the poor, Miss 



JANE ADDAMS 

 Of world-wide fame as an 

 authority on social problems. 



Addams soon won a place for herself and her 

 institution in the life of the neighborhood, and 

 it was not long before Hull House was recog- 

 nized as the lead- 

 ing social settle- 

 ment of the 

 United States. 

 Miss Addams, 

 too, came to be 

 looked upon as 

 an authority on 

 many social 

 questions. On 

 such questions as 

 the evils and the 

 possibilities of 

 tenements, the 

 problem of child 

 labor and the 

 like, she thought 

 deeply and wrote nd spoke well. Nor did she 

 confine herself to ner work at Hull House. For 

 three years she did most efficient service as an 

 inspector of streets and alleys, and in 1909 she 

 acted as president of the National Conference 

 of Charities and Correction. She became ac- 

 tivo in the movement for woman's suffrage, and 

 took a prominent part in the formation of the 

 Progressive party in 1912. 



In April, 1915, when there was convened at 

 The Hague an International Women's Peace 

 Congress, with delegates from fourteen coun- 

 tries, she was made its chairman, and was fur- 

 tlu r intrusted with the duty of visiting the war- 

 ring nations and presenting to their govern- 

 ments the women's peace petition. On that er- 

 rand she was received by the leading states- 

 men of the Continent and by the Pope. It was 

 expected that she would be an influential mem- 

 ber of the Ford peace party, but a serious ill- 

 ness compelled her to remain at home (see 

 FORD, HENRY). She was unable because of a 

 long-continued illness to join the party later 

 in Europe. 



The most popular and widely-read c>: 

 Addams' books is Twenty Yean at Hull 7/otoe, 

 a fascinating account of her great work ; but no 

 leas authoritative in their way are her other 

 publications, The Spirit o/ Y,r, t th and the City 

 Street*, Democracy and Social Ethic* and A 

 New Conscience and an Ancient Eril. A.MCC. 



ADDAX, ad' or, or ADDAS, a specie* of an- 

 tclope of Northeastern Africa, about three feet 

 ID height at the shoulders, and reddish win 

 color. It has large, rounded hoofs, which enable 

 it to, run with great 



