ADENOIDS 



of the British garrison. The territory of Aden 

 is regarded for purposes of government as a 

 part of the Indian province of Bombay. Popu- 

 lation of the city in 1911, 46,165. 



The GULF OF ADEN, on whose shore the city 

 is located, is that part of the Indian Ocean 

 extending westward to the strait of Bab-el- 

 Mandeb, at the south end of the Red Sea. It 

 is about 550 miles long, and has a maximum 

 breadth of 250 miles. 



ADENOIDS, ad' enoyds, an excessive growth 

 of a spongy tissue in the space between 

 the back of the nose and the throat. This 

 growth obstructs the passage through which 

 the air reaches the lungs, and breathing 

 through the nose becomes difficult or im- 



ADENOIDS 

 i-osltlon of adenoid growth is simwn at <i. 

 Figure b is the soft palate. The flgrure shows 

 how the former crowds upon the latter. 



possible. But breathing through the nose is 

 very important, for only in this way is the air 

 purified of dust and germs before it reaches 

 the lungs. On the other hand, tin- obstruction 

 of tin- air passages prevents the proper expan- 

 sion of the lungs and the development of the 

 chest. Children suffering from adenoids have 

 usually a characteristic facial expression, with 

 open mouth and a staring, half-stupid look. 

 They "catch cold" very easily, are hard of 

 :v often suffer from runiuiiK 

 ears. Such children sleep with the mouth 

 v.i'l' "i n. tin y snore and arc restless in tin u 

 sleep. Mentally the child remains backward, 

 is unable to concentrate 1 ion for any 



length of time, and is generally slow and dull. 

 The presence of adenoids retards both the 

 1 and mental development of the child. 

 Children suffering from adenoids usually have 

 enlarged tonsils. 

 Treatment consists in the cutting out of the 



53 ADIRONDACK 



adenoids. This operation when performed by 

 a skilful surgeon is practically without danger. 

 But it is not advisable to operate upon chil- 

 dren who bleed freely from the nose or 

 mouth. In the great majority of cases the re- 

 moval of adenoids brings about in the child a 

 very pronounced physical and mental improve- 

 ment. The child starts to grow quickly, his 

 chest develops, and he soon gains in weight 

 and strength. WAX. 



ADHESION, adhc'zhun, the physical at- 

 traction which causes one substance or body to 

 remain attached to the surface of some other 

 body with which it has been placed in close 

 contact. Adhesion is one of the commonest 

 properties of matter, and examples of it can 

 be seen on every hand. It is by adhesion that 

 the lead of a pencil sticks to paper, chalk to a 

 blackboard, paint to wood and grease to an 

 axle. The adhesive power of substances varies 

 greatly, and in many substances may be in- 

 creased by man. The adhesive power of glue 

 or of a porus plaster, for example, is chicfh 

 the result of special preparation. What 

 the degree of adhesion, however, force must be 

 ii-ed to separate the obj- 



Adhesion may e\i>t !><t\\,n tuo solid*. Ix- 



ti a fluid and a solid, or between 

 fluids. This truth can be tested by a simple 

 nnient. Almost any object placed in 

 \\ater, if removed carefully, will bo found to 

 have drops of water adhering to it. The ad- 

 he-ive power of most liquids is also shown by 

 their tendency, when they are poured gently 

 from a jar, to run down the outaide of the 

 vessel instead of falling directly, in obedience 

 to the laws of 1:1 t\ ny 



ADIGE, 0/1 </ ';'<! (C.erman, Etech), a river 

 of Austria-Hungary and Northern Italy, rising 

 in the Rhaetain Alps, and after a south and 

 east course of about 180 miles, flowing into the 

 Sea. Its total It nut h is 230 miles, of 

 \\lueh 170 are navigable, though with diffi- 

 cult I valley was the scene of se- 

 ;n the early days of 1915 in the 

 War of the Nation-. l><t\\.,n the armies of 

 Italy and Aust 



ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, a group of 

 mountains occupying a considerable section of 

 Northeastern onstituting one of 



the most attractive sections east of the Mis- 

 sissippi River. They lie within what is known 

 as the Adirondack Province, a great stretch of 

 wild and rocky country, covering about 12,500 

 square miles north of the Mohawk River. 

 The highest peaks are for the most pan 



