ADMIRALTY ISLAND 



In the I ill admiralty cases are 



heard first in the Federal district courts, and 

 appeal may be taken to the Circuit Court of 

 Appeals and to the Supreme Court. W.F.Z. 



AD'MIRALTY ISLAND, an Alaskan island, 

 80 miles long, located south of the capital city 

 of Juneau. It runs nearly parallel with the 

 mainland, from which it is separated by a nar- 

 row channel. It is covered with excellent tim- 

 ber, and is well watered. The few inhabitants 

 are Indians and Eskimos. 



ADOBE, ado' bee, a word of Spanish origin, 

 applied to unburnt. sun-dried bricks used in 

 the arid regions of Mexico and the Southwest 

 Cnited States, and also to the peculiar clayey 

 .-nil from which they are made. When moist, 

 the soil is very plastic and can be moulded into 

 any shape, but when dry, adobe is almost 

 unbreakable. This characteristic was recog- 

 nized by the aborigines at an early date, and 

 they not only made bowls, pitchers and other 

 Is from it, but shaped the muddy clay into 

 bricks, which they laid out to dry in the sun. 

 Adobe houses are common in Mexico and 

 Arizona, even to-day. As they are cheap and 

 easy to construct, they are used chiefly by 

 the Mexicans and Indians, but many white 

 people, who could afford other building ma- 

 terial, prefer them because they are always 

 cool, even in the hottest weather. 



The process of making adobe bricks is sim- 

 ple. The wet adobe is shaped into bricks of 

 various sizes, which are then baked by expos- 

 ing them to the sun for ten days or two weeks. 

 During this time they are turned every day. 

 Bricks made in the same way were used by 

 the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians, and 

 \\<re made by the children of Israel during 

 their enslavement in Egypt. 



ADOLESCENCE, adoles' ents, the state or 

 process of growing from childhood to manhood 

 and womanhood. The term comes from a 

 Latin word meaning to grow up. In law ado- 

 nee covers the period between the ages 

 of fourteen and twenty-one years for boys, 

 and between twelve and twenty-one for girls. 

 During these years body and mind undergo 

 important changes which may be classified as 

 physical, intellectual, social and moral. In 

 considering these changes one must remember 

 that there is no distinct dividing line between 

 childhood and adolescence one period grad- 

 ually and, so far as the child is concerned, 

 unconsciously merges into the other. 



Physical Changes. Bones and Muscles. In 

 most children early adolescence is character- 



58 ADOLESCENCE 



ized by rapid growth of the bones and muscles, 

 and the youth seems to grow tall over night. 

 Because of this rapid growth, the muscles are 

 soft and pliable, and can readily acquire any 

 new movement. On the other hand, because 

 of this immaturity they become fatigued with 

 comparatively little exercise. The nerves do 

 not develop as rapidly as the muscles and the 

 youth finds it difficult, if not impossible, to 

 gain complete command over his movements 

 For this reason the period of early adolescent 

 is often called the ''awkward age." The youih 

 is "all arms and legs," and he does not know 

 what to do with them. This awkwardnrs- 

 makes the youth extremely self-conscious, and 

 any reference to his condition or movements 

 is keenly felt and resented. Many a man and 

 woman has incurred the lasting ill-will of a 

 boy or girl by this sort of criticism. 



Internal Development. The development of 

 the internal organs is more marked than that 

 of the bones and muscles and its influence ex- 

 tends to the intellectual and moral life. These 

 changes are accompanied by extraordinary 

 nervous excitement and pressure, and the sys- 

 tem, like a pent-up volcano, is surcharged with 

 energy that must find an outlet. Unless such 

 an outlet is found along right channels, it may 

 find an escape through avenues that lead to 

 viciousness. 



Mental Conditions. From twelve to fourteen 

 in girls and from thirteen to fifteen in boys the 

 powers of observation develop rapidly, memory 

 achieves its highest activity and imagination 

 reaches its normal stage, becoming very active 

 in the fifteenth and sixteenth years. Judgment 

 rapidly gains strength and reason begins to 

 assume its sway. 



In the stress and strain incident upon the 

 development of the reproductive organs are 

 born passions which the youth is often scarcely 

 able to control. The selfish or self-centering 

 feelings usually reach their height and begin 

 to decline in the sixteenth year. Love of 

 excitement is strong, and the individual will 

 put forth the utmost energy in following those 

 lines of activity which appeal most strongly 

 to him. This is the age of "crazes" and we 

 find the "reading craze," the "collecting craze" 

 and numerous others particularly prominent. 

 These are perilous years because passions are 

 strong and the moral will is weak. 



Moral Conditions. The moral judgment is 

 influenced more largely by the custom of the 

 group, by the standards established by pre- 

 vious training, and by the feelings than it is 



