AFRICA 



AFRICA 



American, Henry M. StanU-y. by 



the A"< </ raid and the London T 



graph to find him; this explorer's great contri- 

 bution to the world's knowledge was the course 

 of the Congo. See STANLEY, HENRY M.; Liv- 

 TONE, DAVID. 



The Partition of Africa. At the time of 

 Stanley's voyage only small portions of the 

 :k Continent" were under the flags of 

 ;H\ At the south the British had been in 

 possession since 1806, and the Boers had 

 tn kkid to their Orange River Colony and the 

 Transvaal, farther inland. France had taken 

 Algiers in 1830 and put an end to Mediter- 

 ranean piracy (see BARBARY) and the Portu- 

 guese, French and English had sundry small 

 ments on the west coast. Two influences 

 now acted to stimulate European activity in 

 Africa the dream of King Leopold I of Bel- 

 gium to found a vast empire, and the spurring 

 of French and German ambitions by the 

 Franco-German War of 1870. 



King Leopold chose the Congo for his ef- 

 forts, and in 1876 organized the African Inter- 

 national Association, the avowed purpose of 

 which was the systematic exploration of equa- 

 torial Africa. Stanley was sent back to Africa 

 to carry out the association's plans. But the 

 international character of the undertaking was 

 largely a myth; French and Portuguese agents 

 were also active in the Congo, aiming to fore- 

 stall the Belgians wherever possible. King 

 Leopold determined to secure definite interna- 

 tional acknowledgement of his company. The 

 United States and Germany recognized its flag 

 in 1884, and the next year joined twelve nations 

 of Europe in a treaty which created and 

 neutralized the Congo Free State. In 1908 the 

 Congo was formally declared a Belgian col- 

 ony, and Leopold's dream became a reality. 



The efforts of other nations may be briefly 

 outlined; their relative success is best shown 

 by the map. France's aim has been to link its 

 possessions on the different coasts by a massive 

 inland empire. England, inspired by Cecil 

 Rhodes, has worked for continuous possessions 

 from Cape-to-Cairo. Germany has sought for 

 its "place in the sun" regardless of its location. 

 Portugal has expanded its already existing colo- 

 nies. Italy has fought for influence over Abys- 

 sinia, and recently has raised its flag in Tripoli. 

 Spain has maintained its few small territories 

 and has attempted expansion at its own door- 

 way, in Morocco. For the stories of these 

 varied activities the reader may refer to the 

 articles on the UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA; CAPE- 



TO-CAIRO RAILWAY; SOUTH AFRICAN WAR; 

 TRANSVAAL COLONY; ORANGE FREE STATE; CON- 

 GO; ABYSSINIA; TRIPOLI; ALGIERS; MOROCCO; 

 MADAGASCAR; and each of the nations con- 

 cerned. See, also, the story of LIBERIA, which, 

 excepting Abyssinia, is the only independent 

 state on the continent. C.H.H. 



Consult Keltle's The Partition of Africa; Stan- 

 ley's Through the Dark Continent, which, though 

 old, is valued as a book of original sources. 



ItHiited Subjects. The following topical index 

 of articles in these volumes relating to Africa 

 will make possible a systematic study of the con- 

 tinent : 



CAPES 



Agulhas Good Hope 



CITIES AND TOWNS 



Abomey Khartum 



Aboukir Kimberley 



Abydos Ladysmith 



Addis Abeba Memphis 



Alexandria Monrovia 



Algiers Morocco 



Assuan Oran 



Bloemfontein Port Elizabeth 



Boma Port Said 



Cape Town Pretoria 



Cairo Saint Paul de Loanda 



Carthage Siut 



Durban Suez 



Fashoda Tangier 



Fez Thebes 



Freetown Timbuktu 



Heliopolis Utica 



Johannesburg 



COAST WATERS 



Mediterranean Sea 

 Mozambique Channel 

 Red Sea 



Atlantic Ocean 

 Delagoa Bay 

 Guinea, Gulf of 

 Indian Ocean 



LAKES 



Albert Edward Nyanza Nyassa 

 Albert Nyanza Tanganyika 



Chad Victoria Nyanza 



Atlas 



Bantu 



Berber 



Bushmen 



Capts 



Hottentots 



MOUNTAINS 



Kilimanjaro 



PEOPLES 

 Kaffirs 

 Mandingo 

 Matabele 

 Negro Race 

 Zulus 



POLITICAL DIVISIONS 



Abyssinia 



Algeria 



Angola 



Ashanti 



Barbary States 



Basutoland 



Cape of Good Hope, 



Province of the 

 Congo 

 Dahomey 

 Darfur 



Egypt 



Ethiopia 



Fezzan 



French Guinea 



French Somaliland 



Gambia 



German East Africa 



German Southwest 



Africa 

 Gold Coast 

 Guinea 



