ALGONQUIAN INDIANS 199 



of earlier life. See ABCHEAN -SYSTEM; CAM- 

 BRIAN SYSTEM; also PALEOZOIC ERA; ROCKS. 



ALGON'QUIAN, algon'kian, INDIANS, 

 the largest family of tribes in the United States 

 and Canada, both in colonial days and at the 

 present time. They first inhabited the land 

 from Labrador southwest to the Carolinas and 

 Tennessee, and west to the Mississippi River, 

 surrounding the Iroquois and bordering on the 

 Siouan tribes to the west and south, and the 

 Athapascan tribes to the northwest. Though 

 originally of a rather peaceable disposition, 

 their New England representatives resented the 

 depredations of the colonists, and wherever 

 they met the English, long and bloody wars 

 followed, until the natives were either extin- 

 guished or driven across the Alleghanies. 

 Throughout the French and Indian wars they 

 fought stubbornly against the English, but in 

 the end found themselves confined to scattered 

 reservations west of the Mississippi. To-day 

 there are about 90,000 Algonquians in exist- 



ALHAMBRA 



ORIGINAL, ALGONQUIAN TERRITORY 



The various tribes were located approximately 

 In the sections Indicated : 



(a) Chlppewa 

 (5) Sauk and Fox 



poo 

 inols 

 hawnee 

 (/) Ottawa 



ch 

 <fc) 



) p.. t. ,\v.it. mil 



) Mlama 

 i-..\\ hataa 

 Delaware 

 Pequol 



ence, of whom about 41,000 live in the United 

 States and the remainder in Canada. 



Cora was a great staple among the Algon- 

 quians, who cultivated the soil about th -ir 

 Kinent homes of bark and logs. Among 

 thr chief tribes of this family are the Algon- 

 quin, whose name has been adopted for the 

 ic stock, the Abnaki, Micmac, Passama- 



quoddy, Narraganset, Pequot, Delaware, Ot- 

 tawa, Ojibwa, Cree, Miami, Illinois, Kickapoo, 

 Shawnee, Potawatomi, Arapaho, Menominee, 

 Sauk, Fox and Cheyenne. The greatest chiefs 

 of the Algonquians King Philip, Pontiac, Te- 

 cumseh and Black Hawk are treated in these 

 volumes. For the manners, customs and his- 

 tory of the Indian race, see INDIANS, AMERICAN. 

 Consult Dellenbaugfh's The North Americana 

 of Yesterday. 



ALGON'QUIN PARK, a forest and game pre- 

 serve in Ontario, only a few miles from the 

 valley of the Ottawa River, once the hunting 

 grounds of the Algonquian Indians (which see). 

 It was formerly called Algonquin National 

 Park, but it has always been owned by the 

 province of Ontario. Its area of 2,060 square 

 miles is in the heart of one of the wildest regions 

 in North America. Yet this region, much of it 

 primitive forest untouched by man, is easily 

 accessible, being only 200 miles by rail north 

 of Toronto, and from sixty to seventy miles 

 east of the shore of Georgian Bay. The Park 

 has an altitude of 1,500 to 2,000 feet, and is 

 dotted with more than a thousand lakes of 

 various sizes, practically all of which are 

 abundantly stocked with trout, bass and other 

 fish. Deer are common, moose are frequently 

 seen, and smaller game, including birds, is 

 plentiful. The park is said to have more 

 beaver and otter than any other section of 

 equal area in America. No hunting is per- 

 mitted in the park, but the nearby territory 

 is a sportsman's paradise. 



ALHAMBRA, alham' brah, the most splen- 

 did example of Moorish art in Europe, is an 

 ancient palace and fortress of the Moorish 

 kings of Granada in Southern Spain, situated 

 on a terrace on the southeastern border of that 

 city. The Moors built a citadel on the site of 

 the Alhambra in the ninth century, as a pro- 

 tection against their Christian enemies. In 

 1248, after Granada had become the capital of 

 the few remaining Moorish dominions in Spain, 

 this was rebuilt, and additions were made up 

 to the year 1354, when numerous halls and 

 In Hidings had been erected. The name Alham- 

 bra, meaning in Arabic, the red, is probably 

 taken from the sun-dried bricks that compose 

 the outer wall. Thirteen towers rise upon this 

 wall, which encloses an area of thirty-five 

 acrr.*. Within tin- enclosure an- jranlrn* in:n!<- 

 beautiful by fountains and waterfalls, trees and 

 fragrant flowers, and the singing of a multitude 

 of nightingales. 



The Alhambra was captured in 1492 by the 



