ALLAHABAD 



ALLEGORY 



God. The word has made its way through all 

 Mohammedan countries by means of the 

 Koran, and Allah Akbar (God is great) is the 

 war-cry of the Moslems. The word was ap- 

 plied many centuries before Mohammed to a 

 heathen god of the Arabs. 



ALLAHABAD, al lah hah bahd' , meaning 

 "City of Allah," or "City of God," is an ancient 

 city of India, seat of the government of the 

 United Provinces of Agra and Oudh. It is 

 one of the chief resorts of Hindu pilgrims, who 

 come to have their sins washed away by bath- 

 ing in the waters of the sacred rivers, Ganges 

 and Jumma, at their junction. It is also the 

 scene of a great religious festival in December 

 and January, when the city becomes crowded 

 with fanatics and beggars. The native town 

 is poorly built, but contains some remarkable 

 buildings, of which the best examples are the 

 T mosque, or Jumma Musjid, the palace 

 of the sultan and the great citadel of Akbar. 

 This citadel is the center of the fort of Alla- 

 habad, one of the chief strongholds of British 

 India. The European portion of the town is 

 handsome and well planned. 



The city is situated in the midst of an agri- 

 cultural district and forms the center of a 

 large trade, the chief products being cotton, 

 indigo and sugar. The town dates back to 

 the third century B.C. From 1765 to the 

 beginning of the nineteenth century it suffered 

 from change of rulers, but finally came under 

 British rule in 1801. In the mutiny of 1857 

 it was the scene of a serious outbreak and 

 massacre and the town, with the exception of 

 a few monuments, was destroyed. Population 

 in 1914, 171,697. 



ALLAN, al' Icn, SIR HUGH (1810-1882), a 

 Canadian financier and ship-owner, born in 

 Scotland. In 1826 he went to Canada and 

 entered the employ of the leading grain-ship- 

 ping and ship-building firm in Montreal. He 

 progressed rapidly, became a junior partner 

 in 1835, and in 1853 established a new line of 

 ocean steamers, still called the Allan Line. 

 He was one of the original promoters of the 

 Canadian Pacific Railway, but the company 

 organized by him lost its charter as the result 

 harges that tl t was obtained by 



bribery. Sir II mh was knighted in 1871. 



His son, Sir Hron MONTAGU ALLAN (1860- 

 ), succeeded to his large commercial <ti<i 

 fin; i' rosts, and became active in the 



initML'-: -lif Allan Line. Ho waa 



kmnhtr.i ni I'.HU and was created a commander 

 of the Victorian Order in 1906. 



ALLEGHANY, allcga'ni, MOUNTAINS or 

 ALLEGHANIES, the name of a range of 

 mountains that extends across the states of 

 Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania from 

 southwest to northeast, and consists for the 

 most part of a series of parallel ridges, wooded 

 to the summit and with some fertile valleys 

 between. Their mean elevation is about 2,500 

 feet; but in Virginia they rise to over 4,000. 

 It is in these mountains that the great coal 

 mines of Pennsylvania and West Virginia, also 

 the iron mines of Pennsylvania are found. 

 They form the richest coal mining region in 

 the United States. The name is sometimes 

 wrongly applied to the entire Appalachian sys- 

 tem (see APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS), but of 

 it they are only a part. See, also, BLUE RIDGE ; 

 CUMBERLAND MOUNTAINS. 



ALLEGHENY, allega' ni, a river about 325 

 miles long that has its source in northern 

 Pennsylvania about 2000 feet above sea level. 

 It flows through Pennsylvania into New York, 

 and again through Pennsylvania, and at Pitts- 

 burgh meets the Monongahela to form the Ohio 

 River. It is navigable by small boats for 200 

 miles above Pittsburgh. The country through 

 which it flows is very hilly and it is joined by 

 many tributaries, the chief being the Clarion, 

 French Creek, and Kishiminitas. The river 

 with these tributaries drains an area of 11,000 

 square miles. 



ALLEGORY, al'legohri, a word which 

 means literally, to speak other, or to say some- 

 thing else than the exact thing which is meant ; 

 thus when Jesus said to His disciples "I am the 

 vine, ye are the branches," he was speaking 

 allegorically. The word allegory is used to 

 describe a form of literature in which a story 

 is told not for its own sake but to present 

 clearly and forcibly some abstract thought. 

 The story should be interesting in itself, that 

 it may hold the attention of its readers until 

 .ih is driven home. 



The very simplest allegories are the littlr 

 beast fables, such as those of Aesop, which 

 every child should know. For instance, the 

 story of the "Fox and the Grapes" is told not 

 just as an account of how a fox acted under 

 certain en cu instances, but to bring out iln 

 thought that people are apt to scoff at what 

 tin v cannot attain. More elaborate allegories, 

 and the most dipt i written, arc th 



parables of the Bible. No other language is 

 as rich in allegories as the English, which 

 |M>rs>rs not only tli;it mo~f perfect -p <'iiiirn. 



Hunyan's Pilgrim's Progress, but Spencer's 



