ANDERSONVILLE 



249 



ANDES 



and the industries of the city are largely de- 

 pendent on this product. About 4,900 people 

 are employed in the cotton and cotton-seed 

 oil mills. There are also fertilizer, bed-spring, 

 lumber and mattress factories and flour mills 

 and machine shops. Electric power is supplied 

 by a power house ten miles distant on the 

 Seneca River; it is owned by a private cor- 

 poration. The most notable building is a 

 $70,000 Federal building, constructed in 1913. 

 The Anderson Female College, the Patrick 

 Military Institute, a business college and a 

 Carnegie Library supplement the public school 

 system. Buena Vista Park, covering sixty 

 acres, is the recreation spot of the city. 



Anderson was the birthplace of John C. 

 Calhoun. H.B.F. 



AN'DERSONVILLE, GA., the site of a 

 famous Confederate States military prison, in 

 which nearly 50,000 Federal prisoners were 

 confined during the course of the War of 

 Secession. Over one-fourth of these succumbed 

 to the terrible conditions of insanitation and 

 insufficient food and shelter. After the war 

 the superintendent, a Swiss named Henry 

 Wire, was tried and hanged for his persecu- 

 tion of the prisoners, part of the evidence 

 against him having been secured by a Confed- 

 erate medical commission. At times there 

 were over 33,000 prisoners in the enclosure, 

 which contained only twenty-six and a half 

 acres, or about thirty-five square feet for each 

 man. 



The village of Andersonville contained only 

 174 inhabitants in 1910. It is in Sumter 

 County, in the southwest part of the state, 

 between Americus and Montezuma. 



ANDES, an' deez, called in Spanish CORDIL- 

 LERA DE LOS ANDES, or simply CORDILLERAS, is a 

 great mountain system of South America, the 

 backbone of the continent. The Andes lie on 

 or near the west coast, and extend from Cape 

 Horn, at the south, to the Isthmus of Panama 

 and the Caribbean Sea, at the north. Taken 

 as a whole, they comprise by fur the highest 

 mountain mass on earth; there are occasional 

 breaks or divisions, but the total length of this 

 system, 4,500 miles, far exceeds that of any 

 other in the world. This is about 500 miles 

 1 "hirer than the Rocky Mountains system of 

 North America, and is more than twice the 

 distance from London to Constantinople. The 

 Andes have a maximum width of 500 miles, 

 about the same as that of the Rockies. 



Divisions. The Andes may be divided into 

 three sections, the Southern, Central and 



Northern Andes. The Southern Andes consist 

 of a lofty main chain, with a minor range 

 running parallel to it on the east. They ex- 

 tend from Tierra del Fuego and the Straits 

 of Magellan northward, and rise to their high- 

 est point, 22.860 feet, at the summit of Acon- 

 cagua, not far from Santiago, the capital of 

 Chile. This is the loftiest peak on the Amer- 

 ican continent. See ACONCAGUA. 



Northward lies the double chain of the Cen- 

 tral Andes, where the mountain system is at 

 its broadest, being about 500 miles across. 

 Between the two great ranges are the wide, 

 elevated plateaus of Peru and Western Bo- 

 livia. These plateaus are more than 12,000 

 feet above sea level. There are also several 

 lofty peaks, among them Sorata or Illampu 

 (21,484 feet), Sahama (21,054 feet), and Illi- 

 mani (21,024 feet). Farther north the two 

 mountain ranges draw together, the plateau 

 becomes narrower, and finally the two par- 

 allel chains are so close together that they 

 form one elevated mass. In this section the 

 loftiest summit is that of Chimborazo (20,581 

 feet), formerly thought to be the highest in 

 South America. Cotopaxi (19,500 feet) is an- 

 other famous peak. 



The Northern Andes break into three dis- 

 tinct ranges, none of whose peaks are as lofty 

 as those to the south. The westernmost 

 range, called the Cordillera Occidental, runs 

 parallel to the coast northward through Co- 

 lumbia to the Isthmus of Panama. To the 

 east, and separated from the Cordillera Occi- 

 dental by the narrow valley of the Cauca 

 River is the Cordillera Central, one of whose 

 peaks is the famous volcano of Tolima (17,660 

 feet). Farthest east, and extending northeast- 

 ward into Venezuela, is the Cordillera de Bo- 

 gota. There are many peaks of 15,000 feet 

 or more in the Northern Andes, but only one, 

 Santa Marta, over 19,000 feet. 



Volcanoes and Earthquakes. All the loftiest 

 peaks are either active or extinct volcanoes, 

 and their cones give the characteristic appear- 

 ance to the landscape. The group in Ecua- 

 dor, including the active Cotopaxi, Tungura- 

 gua and Sangai, has been called the most im- 

 posing collection of active and extinct volca- 

 noes on earth. All the districts of the Andes 

 system have suffered severely from earth- 

 quakes, and many towns have been entirely 

 wiped out. Valparaiso, Lima, Callao, Quito 

 and Arcquipa have been the worst sufferers. 



Glaciers, Lakes and Rivers. Glaciers exist 

 on ne.uly all of the highest peaks, even at the 



