ANGELUS 



ANGLE 



International Law and numerous articles for 

 the North American Review and other leading 

 periodicals of the country- In October, 1909, 

 Dr. Angell retired from active life and became 

 president emeritus. of the University of Mich- 

 igan. He received degrees from the leading 

 universities, and in 1887 was made a regent of 

 the Smithsonian Institution. 



ANGELUS, an' jelus, THE, one of the most 

 popular and best-loved paintings in the world, 

 of which innumerable copies in all sizes have 

 found places in the homes of picture-lovers the 

 world over. It shows two peasants stopping 

 their work in the field to pray at the sound 

 of the angelus bell in the distant church tower. 

 They are true peasants, in appearance and 

 clothing types of their class, and their rever- 

 ential attitude has in it an extreme humility. 

 By his grasp of the principles of drawing in 

 perspective, the artist has given the impres- 

 sion that the field extends back miles and 

 mi Irs to the modest church. 



This picture was painted in 1859, by the 

 Millet (which see), and was sold 

 l>y him for 500 francs ($100), but so rapidly 

 did it advance in public esteem that $125,000 

 was paid for it in 1889 by the American Art 

 Association, which brought it to the United 

 States. In the next year it was purchased by 

 M. Chanchard for $150,000, and taken back to 

 France, where it now forms one of the orna- 

 ments of the Louvre. Although not consid- 

 ered by critics one of the artist's greatest pic- 

 I, it has a depth of % feeling which goes far 

 toward accounting for its popularity. 



The Angelus Bell is rung at morning, noon 

 and night in Roman Catholic countries, and 

 at its call faithful worshippers stop their work 

 long enough to repeat the angelic salutation, 

 or Ave Maria. The name is taken from ilir 

 opening words of the prayer, "Angelus Domini 

 nuntiavit Mariae" (the angel of the Lord de- 

 clared unto Mary), which is in memory of the 

 nci.it ion to the Virgin Mary by Gabriel 

 hr should be the mother of Christ. 



ANGINA PECTORIS, anji'na pec' torts, 

 iEART SPASM, is a symptom of disease, 

 m a disease. A very acute pain, felt 

 over the heart or deep in tin chest, extends 

 through tin left side, shoulder and arm. The 

 sufferer is held motionless, feels suffocated and 

 fears sudden death. Occasionally the first at- 

 is fatal; if not, other attacks will be likely 

 >llow. Men past forty years of, age, hav- 

 ing some organic disease of the heart or arte- 

 principal victims. The inn 



ate cause is something which impedes the 

 heart's action, such as excitement, emotion, 

 worry, or excessive physical exertion. The 

 best treatment is a quiet, regular life, with 

 freedom from excitement and physical over- 

 exertion, w. A. E. 



ANGIOSPERMS, an' je o spurmz. All the 

 seed-bearing plants in the world are divided 

 into two great groups one in which the seeds 

 are protected by a seed-case, the other in 

 which the seeds are naked or exposed. Plants 

 belonging to the former of these two classes 

 are known as angiosperms, the name being 

 taken from two Greek words meaning vessel 

 and seed. The most prominent part of the 

 vegetation of the earth is included in this 

 class, which comprises plants of all sizes, from 

 the tiniest forms that float about on the water 

 to huge trees. The evergreens, however, be- 

 long to the other class, for they have their 

 seeds exposed. 



In all seed-bearing plants there must be 

 what is called cross-fertilization; that is, the 

 pollen must be carried from the stamens to 

 the pistils (see BOTANY ; FERTILIZATION ) . Some- 

 times this is done by the wind, but in the 

 angiosperms it is mostly done by various in- 

 sects; and the way in which the flowers have 

 developed bright colors and sweet scents to 

 attract the necessary insects is one of the most 

 interesting things in all botany. The rose, the 

 lily, the orchid, in fact all the plants which 

 have noticeable flowers, as well as most trees 

 except the evergreens, are members of the 

 plant group called angiosperms. 



ANGLE, a word derived from the Latin 

 angulus, meaning corner. An angle is formed 

 by the meeting of two lines. The term is 

 sometimes applied loosely to the space between 

 the meeting lines, but is used correctly only 



Straight 



Right 



Acute 



ANGLES 



OUuse 



as the measure of the difference in the direc- 

 tion of the lines. The corner, or place of 

 meeting, itself is the vertex, and the lines are 

 thr sides of the angle. As the difference in 

 direction forma the angle, the length of the 

 aides need not be considered. 

 An angle is measured in degrees, a 



