ANTHOLOGY 



279 



ANTHRAX 



animals are provided, and with which they 

 smell, feel, distinguish between friends and 

 enemies, and, in some cases, hear what is going 



ANTENNAE 

 A few of the different forms, highly magnified. 



on around them. Some insects are compelled 

 to trust to their antennae instead of the usual 

 power of sight, not being provided with eyes. 

 Others are provided with both eyes and feel- 

 ers. Insects have only one pair of antennae, 

 while crustaceans, such as lobsters, have two 

 pairs. They consist of long, extremely delicate, 

 jointed appendages projecting from the head, 

 supplied with numerous nerve branches con- 

 nected with the brain. The shape and size of 

 antennae vary considerably. Those of butter- 

 flies and moths are graceful and feathery;' in 

 mosquitoes they are long and very thin; cov- 

 ered with minute hairs. Animals and insects 

 are rendered peculiarly helpless by the loss of 

 their antennae as they are deprived of all the 

 senses except, in some cases, that of sight. 



ANTHOLOGY, anthol' o ji, from the Greek 

 for a flower-gathering, is a book made up of 

 selections from the best writings of many au- 

 thors. It was this meaning of the word which 

 suggested to Montaigne the following lines 

 in the preface to a miscellaneous collection of 

 poems: 



I have gathered me a posle of other men's 

 flowers, and nothing but the thought that binds 

 is mine own. 



Though the great historic anthologies have 

 been collections of poems, the term as popu- 

 larly used includes both prose and poetry. 



The word anthology was first applied to a 

 collection of Greek poems selected by M< 

 ger, a Syrian, about 80 B.C., but the Chinese 

 Book oj Songs, supposed to bo tin- work of 

 Confucius, is said to be the oldest anthology 

 known to man. The Arabs, Persians, Turks, 

 Japanese and Hindus have numerous anthol- 

 ogies, some of which are of very early date. 



The standard English anthology in F. T. Pol- 

 grave's Golden Treasury. Other valuable collec- 



tions are Trench's Household Book of English 

 Poetry, Emerson's Porttosst^s, Quiller-Couch's 

 Oxford Book of Verse and Stedman's Victorian 

 Anthology and American Anthology. 



AN'THONY, SAINT, OF THEBES (about 251- 

 356), one of the greatest of the early fathers 

 of the Catholic Church, revered as the founder 

 of the first monastery. Born of wealthy par- 

 ents in Upper Egypt, he early obeyed the 

 divine call to give up a worldly life, and, hav- 

 ing given to the poor all that he possessed, 

 retired to the deserts near Thebes. After 

 spending many years in fasting, prayer and 

 meditation he was asked to leave his retreat 

 in order that others might live under his direc- 

 tion, and in the year 305 he founded a monas- 

 tery at Fayum, near Memphis, the beginning 

 of the monastic system of the Catholic Church. 

 At his death his disciples numbered 15,000. 

 See MONASTICISM. 



ANTHONY, SUSAN BROWNELL (1820-1906), 

 an American reformer, one of the great lead- 

 ers of the cause of woman's advancement, 

 founder of the first state Women's Temper- 

 ance Society and one of the founders of the 

 National Wom- 

 an's Suffrage As- 

 sociation. She 

 was born at 

 Adams, Mass., of 

 Quaker parents, 

 taught school for 

 fifteen years, and 

 in the meantime 

 became active in 

 the temperance 

 and anti-slavery 



movements. In SUSAN B. ANTHONY 

 1868 she founded Revered pioneor in tho now- 

 popular cause of woman suf- 

 The Revolution, rrage. 



a periodical devoted to women's rights. an<l 

 in 1869 organized, with Mrs. Elizabeth Cady 

 Stanton, the National Woman's Sufi: 

 Association, of which she was president for 

 many years. Miss Anthony was arrested, 

 1 and fined in 1872 for attempting 

 to vote, under the Fifteenth Amendment, in 

 New York. As a lecturer and advocate she 

 spoke to vast audiences in all parts of Eng- 

 land and the United States, and she was a 

 frequent contributor to magazines. See 

 WOMAN SUFFRAGE. 



ANTHRAX, an' thraks, an acute infectious 

 disease to which cattle, horses, sheep and <> 

 animals are subject. It is the first disease 

 traced to the action of bacterial generation 



