ANTIDOTE 



2S2 



ANTIETAM 



or mix two parts of vinegar with one of water 

 and give with freedom; then give large 

 amounts of sweet oil. 



Chloral: Give the patient an emetic con- 

 sisting of thirty grains of ipecac in water, and 

 inject under the skin one-twentieth of a grain 

 of strychnine. Apply warmth, induce artificial 

 respiration (see DROWNING) and rub the body 

 thoroughly to stimulate circulation. 



Coal Gas: See Carbonic Acid Gas, above. 



Cocaine: Lay the patient on his back and 

 give whisky, with hypodermic injections of 

 one-fortieth of a grain of strychnine. 



Corrosive Sublimate: This is bichloride of 

 mercury. The mercury salt dissolves in an 

 excess of albumin. As soon as you have formed 

 an albuminate try to induce vomiting. For 

 this purpose give an emetic of thirty grains 

 of powdered ipecac in warm water; then give 

 the white of an egg. Wash out the stomach, 

 and later use sedatives. 



Knock-out Drops: See Chloral, above. 



Lye: See Caustic Potash, above. 



Matches: See Phosphorus, below. 



Morphine: See Opium, below. 



Nicotine: Use emetics; give strong tea and 

 stimulants, and then lay the patient flat on 

 his back. 



Nux Vomica: See Strychnine, below. 



Opium: Empty the stomach as quickly as 

 possible, by means of emetics or stomach 

 pump; cause the patient to inhale ammonia, 

 and give him every hour a half-grain of per- 

 manganate of potash. Induce artificial res- 

 piration (see DROWNING) and keep the patient 

 awake; if necessary, shake him or even whip 

 him severely about the body and the calves 

 of the legs. Atropine injected under the skin, 

 or tincture of belladonna given by the mouth, 

 has a powerful effect in stimulating breathing. 

 Coffee should also be given to a person who 

 has taken opium. 



Oxalic Acid: Chalk, whiting or even white- 

 wash scraped from the wall should be given 

 in quantities of water. Follow this by a dose 

 of castor oil or Epsom salts. 



Paris Green: See Arsenic, above. 



Phenacetin: Give whisky and digitalis. 



Phosphorus: Give an emetic promptly, and 

 follow with a large quantity of mucilage from 

 gum arabic; then give a strong dose of Epsom 

 salts. Do not give fats or oils. 



Poison Ivy: Bathe the affected parts re- 

 peatedly with lead acetate dissolved in alcohol. 

 Wash well with laundry soap and water. 



Prussic Acid: This is one of the deadliest 



of poisons, and death usually results at once. 

 If the quantity taken is small enough, how- 

 ever, good many be done by emptying the 

 stomach and administering ammonia with water 

 and a small dose of opium. Artificial respira- 

 tion (see DROWNING) and the injection of 

 strychnine are also effective. 



Rough-on-Rats: See Arsenic, above. 



Strychnine: Employ the stomach pump at 

 once; give twenty grains of zinc sulphate or 

 thirty grains of powdered ipecac as an emetic; 

 then twenty grains of chloral and thirty grains 

 of bromide of sodium dissolved together in 

 two ounces of hot water should be injected 

 into the rectum. Convulsions may be stopped 

 by the use of chloroform. Twenty grains of 

 sodium bromide should be taken internally 

 every hour. 



Sulphonal: Empty the stomach and use 

 artificial respiration (see DROWNING). Give 

 plenty of hot coffee as soon as possible. 



Tansy: Give an emetic of thirty grains' of 

 ipecac in warm water, and follow with a dose 

 of castor oil. 



Turpentine: Give an emetic; then give 

 plenty of mucilage from gum arabic, Epsom 

 salts and finally a hypodermic injection of 

 morphine. 



Unknown Poison: Of course there can be 

 no very intelligent treatment when the nature 

 of the poison is unknown (see POISON). If 

 the poison has been introduced by way of the 

 mouth, use the stomach pump or an emetic. 

 Induce artificial respiration if necessary (see 

 DROWNING), and give two teaspoonfuls of 

 chalk in water, four eggs beaten up* with a 

 glass of milk and some whisky. 



Washing Soda: See Caustic Potash, above. 



White Precipitate: See Corrosive Sublimate, 

 above. w. A. E. 



ANTIETAM, an tee' tarn, BATTLE OF, the 

 bloodiest battle in the War of Secession, and 

 the crucial battle in Lee's first attempt to 

 invade the North. Lee saved his army from 

 what seemed at one time inevitable destruc- 

 tion, but his invasion ended in failure. It was 

 fought near Antietam Creek, in Maryland, 

 about fifty miles northwest of Washington, 

 D. C., on September 16 and 17, 1862. The 

 Confederate forces of 40,000 men, under the 

 command of General Lee, were opposed by a 

 Federal force of nearly double that number 

 under General McClellan. 



On the whole the honors rested with Lee, 

 whose generalship was of the highest order, 

 whereas the tactical blunders of McClellan 



