ANTONY 



ANTWERP 



of these jaws and their juices sucked through 

 the tubes. 



ANTONY, an'toni, MARK, in Latin, MAR- 

 CUS ANTOXIUS (83-30 B.C.), a great Roman 

 orator, soldier and statesman, the friend and 

 lieutenant of Julius Caesar, and himself the 

 ruler of half the Roman world after Caesar's 

 death. Yet thn 

 man, before 

 whom the noble 

 "conscript 

 fathers" of the 

 Roman Senate 

 trembled, to 

 whom millions 

 of people looked 

 as their lord and 

 master, could not 

 command h i m- 

 self. He gave 

 free reign to his 

 baser impulses, 

 was untrue in 

 turn to each of 



MARK ANTONY 



From a bust now in the 

 his four wives, Vatican, Rome. 



and finally lost power and honor as the result 

 of his infatuation for Egypt's queen, Cleopatra. 

 He was probably the greatest of his day in 

 everything he undertook, soldier, statesman, 

 ruler, debauchee he ran the gamut of the 

 vices and virtues. 



Rise to Power. Mark Antony belonged to 

 an ancient and powerful patrician family, and 

 before he was thirty he had been raised to an 

 important position under Caesar, who was then 

 in Gaul. After several years in Gaul he 

 '1 to Rome and was elected tribune of 

 the people; when civil war broke out he was 

 e\j> -lit <! from the city as an adherent of Caesar. 

 tic of Phursalia, by which Caesar 

 became mu- ly, Antony was second in 



command, and on several later occasions he 

 was left in supreme control at home whilr 

 Caesar was in Gaul. In 44 B.C. he was consul 

 with Caesar, and on Caesar's death was easily 

 the foremost man in Rome. He sought t<> 

 make himself a ruler as great as Caesar, and 

 led his soldiers, many of them veterans of 

 Caesar's campaigns, against Brutus. While 

 Antony was absent from Rome, young Octavius, 

 later called Augustus Caesar, secured the sup- 

 port of the Senate, and leading new forces to 

 aid Brutus, drove Antony across the Alps. 



The Triumvirate. Octavius, however, an- 

 Ki-ri'il 1>\ the Senate's action in KIVIMK Brutus 

 supreme command, made terms with Antony, 



and with Antony and Lepidus, a wealthy patri- 

 cian, agreed to divide among the three the 

 Roman world. Antony was to receive Gaul; 

 Lepidus, Spain; and Octavius, Sicily, Sardinia 

 and Africa. In the next year, 42 B.C., the 

 triumvirate established its power in Italy by a 

 victory at Philippi. 



Antony went to Greece, and then to Asia 

 Minor, to complete the dominion of the trium- 

 virate and arrange for payment of tribute. At 

 Tarsus there came to do him homage Cleo- 

 patra, queen of Egypt, whose charms com- 

 pletely conquered him. He followed her to 

 Egypt, where he spent the winter in luxury, 

 flattery and self-admiration. He was roused 

 from his dream by hostilities between his own 

 brother and Octavius, and hurried to Rome 

 only to find Octavius victorious. The great 

 leaders again became reconciled; Antony mar- 

 ried Octavia, the sister of Octavius, and a new 

 division of the world was arranged. Lepidus 

 was disregarded, Antony taking the East, and 

 Octavius the West. 



Antony then spent several years in the East, 

 without adding in any way to his fame. The 

 call of Egypt then became irresistible, and 

 he returned to Cleopatra, on whom he lav- 

 ished kingdoms and provinces, to the disgust 

 of Octavius and the Senate. Finally, in 32 B. c. 

 the Senate declared war against Cleopatra, and 

 r two years of preparation its forces were 

 victorious in the battle of Actium. The queen 

 fled to Egypt, followed by Antony, and soon 

 tin- two were pursued by Octavius. When tin 

 false rumor came 'to him that Cleopatra was 

 dead, Antony threw himself on his sword. 



The story of Antony has been told by Shak^- 

 speare in Julius Cm xar and in Antony and 

 'Itatra, many lines of which are oftm 

 quoted, especially the beginning of Antony's 

 masterly oration to the people at the funeral of 

 Caesar: 



Romans, countrymen, lend me your 

 an . 

 I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him." 



ANTWERP, ant' wcrp, in French, A 

 is the principal maritime city of Belgium and 

 one of the greatest ports in the world, situated 

 on the right bank of the river Scheldt, about 

 fifty miles from its mouth. During the twenty- 

 years preceding 1914, when the War of the 

 Nations began, its trade increased at a faster 

 rate than that of any European port. Its 

 growth and development dates from 1863, u 

 the tolls levied by the Netherlands on the 



