APOSTLES' CREED 



293 



APPENDICITIS 



The term apostles is applied generally to 

 the first Christian missionaries in all parts of 

 the world, and to leaders in any great moral 

 reform; as Saint Boniface, the apostle of Ger- 

 many; Saint Augustine, the apostle of Eng- 

 land; John Eliot, the apostle to the Indians; 

 John B. Gough, an apostle of temperance. 



APOSTLES' CREED, a statement of Chris- 

 tian faith which has been traced back to about 

 A. D. 150, so named because it is supposed to 

 have originated with the apostles themselves 

 (see APOSTLES). It is as foil' 



"I believe in God the Father Almighty and in 

 Christ Jesus His Son, who was born of Mary 

 the Virgin, was crucified under Pontius Pilate 

 and buried ; on the third day rose from the dead, 

 ascended into Heaven, sitteth on the right hand 

 of the Father, from whence He cometh to judge 

 the quick and the dead ; and in the Holy Ghost, 

 and resurrection of the body." 



The above is not exactly the form used by 

 the churches of the present day; the original 

 Creed has been modified, as follows : 



"I believe in God the Father Almighty, Maker 

 of heaven and earth ; and in Jesus Christ His 

 only Son, our Lord ; who was conceived by the 

 Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary ; suffered 

 under Pontius Pilate, was crucified, dead, an'l 

 buried ; He descended into Hell ; the third day 

 He rose again from the dead ; He ascended into 

 heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of God the 

 Father Almighty ; from thence He shall come to 

 judge the quick and the dead. 



"I believe in the Holy Ghost ; the holy Catho- 

 lic Church, the Communion of Saints ; the for- 

 giveness of sins ; the resurrection of the body ; 

 and the life everlasting. Amen." 



APOTHECARIES', a poth' e ka riz, 

 WEIGHT, the system of weights used by drug- 

 gists when preparing prescriptions. The pound 

 is divided into 12 ounces, the ounce into 8 

 drams, the dram into 3 scruples and the scruple 

 into 20 grains. In both apothecaries' and troy 

 wri^ht there are 5,760 grains to the pound, 480 

 MS to the ounce. The avoirdupois pound 

 contains 7,000 grains; the ounce, 437% grains. 

 Ih- LTun, the smallest unit, is the same in 

 all three weights above nanil. tin- difference 

 in tin- >i/e of the pound being due only to a 

 truer in the number of Drains it contains. 



APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS, ap a latch' 

 or apala'chian, the great mountain sys- 

 tem occupying the eastern part of North 

 rica and extending from the Gulf of Saint 

 Lawrence into Alabama, a distance of < 

 1,300 miles. The Appalachians form tin- east- 

 ern highlands of the continent, and include a 

 number of parallel ranges, all . \i. inline in a 

 southwesterly direction. They form the water- 



shed separating the rivers that flow into the 

 Atlantic from those flowing into the Gulf of 

 Mexico (see WATERSHED). 



Description. In general the Appalachians 

 are low mountains with rounded summits and 

 even crests, or ridges. With few exceptions 

 thoir sides are clothed with forests. Between 

 the ranges are many highly-fertile and densely- 

 populated valleys, and the foothills and uplands 

 support a large agricultural population. These 

 mountains are noted for a number of deep, 

 narrow valleys with almost perpendicular sides, 

 through which rivers wend their way to the 

 sea; the most noted of these valleys are Craw- 

 ford Notch in the White Mountains, the 

 Highlands of the Hudson and Delaware Water 

 Gap. They add much to the scenery of their 

 regions. The highest peaks are Mount Wash- 

 ington in New Hampshire (6,293 feet) and 

 Mount Mitchell in North Carolina (6,688 feet). 

 Lake Champlain is the only lake of impor- 

 tance in the system. 



Minerals and Water Power. These moun- 

 tains contain an abundance of iron ore, coal, 

 fire-clay, marble, gypsum and salt, and exten- 

 sive oil fields occur in many of the valleys. 

 Many rapid streams flow down their eastern 

 slopes, and where the foothills descend to the 

 low coastal plain there are hundreds of excel- 

 lent sites for water-power. Along this line we 

 find many manufacturing cities (see FALL 

 LINK). The forests are a valuable source of 

 lumber. For the products of the Appalachian 

 system, see the articles describing the regions 

 through which they pass. See, also, ADIRON- 

 DACK MOUNTAINS; BLUE RIDGE; CUMBERLAND 

 MOUNTAINS. 



APPEAL, appeel', in law, the removal of a 

 suit from a lower to a higher court for the 

 purpose of securing a reversal or modification 

 of the decision of the lower court. Each sys- 

 tem of courts has particular rules upon which 

 appeals may be granted, usually requiring the 

 presentation of additional material evidence, 

 or the certification of an error in the conduct 

 of the trial ly the court. An />/>. a/ allows 

 the higher court to reconsider the facts of the 

 case, to reverse the decision, or in some cases 

 to remand it to the h.uer court for a new 

 1 1 1. 1. \\hereas a writ of error merely allows 

 it to rule on points of law. See PROCH 



APPENDICITIS, apcndisy' tis, an infec- 

 tion of the vermiform appendix, is one of tin- 

 commonest diseases to which mankind is sub- 

 It has been estimated that one-third of 

 all human beings who reach adult age have had 



