ARMAGEDDON 



Armadillos van- in length from three feet 

 to only five inches. As a rule tl. 



and roots, but they will cat anything 

 and some have a liking for carrion. They fre- 

 quently eat ants, and ir ines called 

 :!u,uu'h differing from the true ani- 

 mal of that name described in its proper place 

 in this work. Their ile.-h is considered tasty, 

 90 killed for their armor, which 

 <le into 1 d ornam- 

 ARMAGEDDON, armaygcd'on, a name 

 Me to the place in which the 

 :eat battle is to be fought on the Judg- 

 ment 1 > he forces of good and evil. 

 Figuratively it was applied to any spot where 

 a decisive conflict occurred, but it had no 

 ! popular significance until used by 

 Theodore Roosevelt during the Presidential 

 campaign of 1912. His declaration, "We stand 

 Idon and we battle for the Lord," 

 rescued the word from the partial oblivion 

 into which it had fallen. 



ARMATURE, ar' ma turc, in magnetism, the 

 piece of soft iron or other substance which is 

 ; across the poles of a magnet and is 

 attracted by the magnetic force. The arma- 

 ture, in fact, completes the magnetic circuit. 



37-1 ARMENIA 



the table-land which extends southward from 

 .casus Mountains. Unce an independent 

 kingdom, Armenia was later divided among 



ARMATURE 



The arrows (a, a) indicate the drums of the 

 armature. 



The principle is the same, whether referring 

 to electro-magnets or to permanent magnets, 

 and is applied in the eledtric bell, the telegraph 

 sounder and other instruments. See MAGNET; 

 ELECTRO-MAGNET. 



ARMENIA, arme'nia, the most persecuted 

 country on earth, lies in the region between 

 Asia Minor and the Caspian Sea, occupying 



jgjPV'**'frU.S^A-'\ 



\ A 



P.ERSIA 



ARABIA 



ARMENIA 

 Tlio most unfortunate Christian community in 



Hi.- world. In the map tlu> aiva within the 

 small crosses marks the extent of Armenia in 

 former days. . 



Russians, Turks and Persians. At the conclu- 

 sion of the War of the Nations it was freed from 

 its miseries of centuries and placed under allied 

 protection. In that war it was the scene of the 

 Grand Duke Nicholas' campaigns against Tur- 

 key, and the names of many of its towns became 

 familiar to the world. 



For centuries the Armenians, who are mem- 

 bers of the oldest national Christian Church, 

 have been mercilessly oppressed by the Mo- 

 hammedan Turks and their subjects, the half- 

 wild Kurds, and have frequently been the 

 victims of massacres inspired by the Turkish 

 government itself. From 1893 to 1896 al 

 20,000 and perhaps 50,000 of them were slaugh- 

 tered, apparently according to instructions 

 from the Sultan, the excuse being the activities 

 of a few hundred revolutionists. At this time 

 the threats and protests of outside nations, 

 especially Britain, France and Russia, induced 

 the government at Constantinople to put an 

 end to the massacres, but during the next two 

 decades there were many repetitions of them 

 on a smaller scale. In 1915 came the crown- 

 ing inhumanity of all which Ottoman rulers 

 have conceived. Claiming that the Armenians 

 w r ere giving help to the Russian army which 

 rendered it necessary to remove them from 

 the scene of war, the Turks gathered all of 

 the population which could be found, and 

 drove them, women, children and old men 

 alike, into the Arabian deserts. Hundreds of 

 thousands perished of starvation or exhaustion, 

 just how many will never be known. Germany 

 and Austria alone were able to bring pressure 

 on the Turkish authorities, but the massacre 

 in many quarters was looked upon as a neces- 

 sary military measure. 



