ARMY 



time of war 127,000 men and officers of the 

 milit 

 The new bill increased the authorized rcg- 



ARMY 



below commissioned rank in the various coun- 

 ! MS follows, in terms of United States and 

 Canadian inon. 



ular army to a total enlisted force of the lino 

 '..000, and an of officers and 



line and staff corps, of approximately 

 225,000. The strength of the militia was made 

 425,000 and its members were required to take 



h of allegiance to the national as well as 

 to their individual state governments. By 

 enlistments the regular army by the beginning 

 of 1918 possessed about 300,000 officers and men. 

 The national guard, after the declaration of war 

 upon ('. -ee page 6171), was immediately 



mobilized, increasing America's potential fight- 

 ing force to over 700,000 men. The conscription 

 act of 1917 resulted in June of that year in the 

 enrollment of nearly 10,000,000 young men be- 

 tween the ages of 21 and 31, from whom a great 



.vould in time be assembled. Physical 



defects and exemptions would disqualify nearly 



half of this number, but the nucleus of a vast 



fighting force was thus assured by law. 



In September, 1917, the first contingent of the 



drafted men reported to the sixteen can- 

 tonments of the National Army for training. 



numbered 687,000 men, exclusive of the 

 officers assigned to them. Early in the follow- 



:r nearly all of these were transferred to 

 of France. In the spring of 

 1918 the second contingent was drawn for serv- 

 ice, to the number of over 500,000. 



Congn -< alone IKIS the power to vote appro- 

 priations for the maintenance of the army, and 

 once during the life of each Congress, which is 

 : ;nv appropriation bill is p:i--ed. 

 d fund is voted. 



The cost of the small regular army maintained 

 about $95,000,000 a year, practi- 

 cally $1 for each citizen. With the entrance of 

 s into the War of the Nations 

 the w iiture leaped to unprecedented 



. For tip r ending June 1, 1918, 



the total outlay of the government for all war 

 purposes army, navy, aircraft, munitions, and 

 all other war efforts was close to 820,000,000,- 

 000. The army increased to 4,000,000 men 

 before the fall of 1918; 2,200,000 were in France. 

 The pay table in times of peace of soldiers 



Canada. Because its only neighbor is the 

 United States, with which it has maintained 

 over one hundred years of peace, Canada does 

 not need a large standing army. 



The forces of the country are controlled by 

 the Militia Council, of which the Minister of 

 Militia is president. In peaceful times they 

 consist of a permanent militia (including artil- 

 lery) of 3,500 men, and a non-permanent 

 militia with nearly 80,000 members. The lat- 

 ter drills periodically and trains in camp for 

 a short period each year, in the same manner 

 as the National Guard of the United States. 

 Its members are required to serve for home 

 defense only, and all overseas contingents are 

 specially recruited. Over 400,000 volunteers re- 

 sponded during the first three years of the War 

 of the Nations. In 1917 a conscription law was 

 passed. The annual cost of the militia before 

 the European war was from seven to nine mil- 

 lion dollars, or slightly over $1 for each inhabit- 

 ant of the Dominion, practically the same as for 

 the United States. 



British Army. Englishmen and Americans 

 have never taken kindly to the idea of com- 

 pulsory military service, and they object to 

 paying for the maintenance of an army of 

 which they do not see imperative need. The 

 British law enacted in the Bill of Rights in 

 1689 expressly declares it illegal for the king 

 to maintain an army in time of peace without 

 the consent of Parliament. This provision has 

 never been revoked. 



The army of Great Britain is divided into 

 two parts, one for foreign or colonial service, 

 the other for home defense. The territorial 

 army, organized after the Boer War, is for the 

 latter purpose. The term of enlistment in the 

 regulars is usually twelve years seven with 

 the colors and five with the reserve. The age 

 for enlistment, except in cases of national emer- 

 gency, is from eighteen to twenty-five. The 

 military establishment of Great Britain before 

 the War of the Nations in 1914 was as follows: 

 regular army, 156,110; reserves, 209,914; terri- 

 torials and militia, 258,437; colonial forces, 



